Kerala University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryOphthalmology Previous Year Question Papers

A 55-years-old farmer sustained trauma with a stick to his right eye 2 weeks back. He complains of redness, pain, watering and diminution of vision in right eye. On examination, right eye shows circumciliary congestion, greyish white lesion with irregular margins on the cornea taking up positive fluorescein stain. a) What is the probable diagnosis b) What test should be done to confirm the diagnosis c) What ocular and systemic investigations should be done d) What is the management of this condition e) What are the complications of this condition if left untreated f) What is the differential diagnosis of this condition

A 60 years old male presents with painless progressive diminution of vision in both eyes for 2 years. On examination the distant visual acuity is 6/12 with a Double arcuate scotoma in each eye. Answer the following questions: • What is the most probable diagnosis • Describe the fundus changes in such a case. • Enumerate with the help of diagrams the other possible field defects in such cases. • Name the groups of drugs used in the medical management of this case with suitable examples.

A 50 year old lady came with complaints of frequent decrease in near vision and change of glasses to improve the same. She also complained of clouding of peripheral vision in both eyes at times. She has no other comorbid problems. Answer the following questions: a) What other history will you elicit from her b) What is the probable diagnosis c) What differential diagnosis can you offer d) What investigations you would request e) How will you plan your treatment

A 70-year-old man came with sudden painless loss of vision. He described the visual loss as a curtain coming down in front of his left eye. He maintained normal vision in his right eye. He is a known hypertensive since 7 years and diabetic since 2 years. His further examination showed a cherry red spot in the left eye. Answer the following questions: a) What is the probable diagnosis b) What other signs you will look for c) Four differential diagnosis of sudden visual loss in an elderly patient. d) What is the plan of management e) What complications can occur

A 38-year-old male with history of lower back ache presented with complaints of sudden redness, severe pain, photophobia, and decreased vision in right eye. Patient has h/o similar complains in the past and was treated for the same. On examination, right eye shows circumciliary congestion, miotic pupil, ciliary tenderness, and cloudy anterior chamber. a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Name two differential diagnosis of this condition c) What are the important slit lamp examination findings in this condition d) What are the investigations to be done for this condition e) How do you treat this condition f) What are the complications of this case if left untreated

A 50-year-old emotionally labile female patient, presented with sudden onset of pain. Redness and gross diminution of vision in the right eye. Patient complains of experiencing coloured halos and transient obscuration of vision in the past. Also, she gives history of wearing glasses for both distance and near. The anterior chamber is found to be shallow in the other eye a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Describe the clinical features of this case c) Enumerate the predisposing factors for this disease d) Discuss the management of this case

A 35-year-old farmer, presents with history of injury to the right eye with vegetative matter while working in the fields. He now complains of pain, redness, watering, photophobia and defective vision. On examination, there is infiltration in the cornea and exudation in the anterior chamber. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Discuss clinical features of this case c) What are the possible complications and sequelae d) Discuss the management of this patient

A 70-year-old female patient presents with pain, redness and diminution of vision in the right eye since 10 days. She gives history of having undergone cataract surgery in the left eye 2 years back. On examination, there is circumcorneal congestion, hazy cornea due to corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber and the lens is cataractous and intumescent. Intraocular pressure is high in the right eye. a) What is the probable diagnosis b) What is the immediate medical management c) What is the definitive treatment d) What are the complications if not treated e) What are the differential diagnosis f) What are the surgical complications g) What are the preoperative advice to this patient

Patient complaining of excruciating pain in the right eye radiating to the ocular, periocular and temporal region, clinically shallow AC, circumciliary and conjunctival congestion with raised intra ocular pressure. Answer the following: • What is your more probable diagnosis • Name Two tests you will do in this patient • What are the methods to record intraocular pressure • What are the differential diagnosis • How will you manage the condition

A 70 year old male, diabetic and hypertensive, came with painless progressive diminution of vision in both eyes since about six months. His vision is counting fingers close to face in both eyes, not improving further with any glasses. There is a while reflex in the pupil in both the eyes and the fundus cannot be visualized. • What is the most probable diagnosis • What are the investigations you need to perform before operating on him • What are the types of surgeries which can be planned for him • Discuss the possible early post-operative complications of the surgery

Differentiate between incomitant and comitant squint

Discuss the etiology, clinical features, management and complications of lens induced glaucomas

Congenital Dacryocystitis

Discuss WHO classification of xerophthalmia

Describe the signs, symptoms and management of acute congestive glaucoma.

Define and describe the clinical features and management of complicated cataract.

Acquired Dacryocystitis

Allergic conjunctivitis

Classify glaucoma. Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of primary open angle glaucoma.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Optical and surgical correction of myopia

Discuss the etiology, clinical features, management and complications of acute iridocyclitis.

Blepharitis

Visual acuity testing.

Write a short note on papilloedema

Retinal detachment

Define amblyopia. Discuss the clinical features and management.

Early complications of cataract surgery

Describe the clinical features and management of vernal conjunctivitis.

Signs of herpes simplex keratitis

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Myopia – aetiology and management

Etiological and morphological classification of cataract

Management of corneal ulcer

Corneal transplantation

Classify anti glaucoma drugs. Discuss the mechanism of action and side effects of each group with examples

Hypertensive retinopathy

Discuss the clinical features and classification of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

School screening programmes

National Program for Control of Blindness (NPCB)

Causes of secondary glaucoma in the eye

Intraocular pressure measurement methods

Mucocele of the lacrimal sac

Complications and sequelae of iridocyclitis

Ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus

Siderosis bulbi

Discuss the etiology and clinical features of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion

Penetrating injury to the eye

Discuss in brief the treatment options in myopia

Pupillary pathway

Optic nerve head changes in primary open angle glaucoma

Acute Dacryocystitis

Amblyopia – causes and management

Optic atrophy

Ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency

Staging and management of trachoma

Draw & Label Cross section of the eyeball

Draw & Label Cross — section of eye lid

Draw & Label Spaces of the orbit

Draw & Label Vertical cross section of the upper eyelid.

Draw & Label Visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma

Draw & Label Types of corneal vascularization

Draw & Label Schematic diagram of pupillary pathway for light reflex

Corneal edema

Draw & Label Fundus picture of CRAO (central retinal artery occlusion)

Draw & Label Image formation in a myopic eye and after correction with concave lens

Draw & Label Light reflex pathway(Pupillary reflex pathway)

Draw & Label Visual pathway

Draw & Label Sturm’s Conoid

Draw & Label Lesions of visual field pathway

Draw & Label Types of intraocular lenses

Blunt trauma to the eye

Draw & Label Fundus picture in retinitis pigmentosa

Management of myopia

Draw & Label Normal fundus picture

Discuss different types of ptosis

Angular Conjunctivitis

Enumerate the principles of management of rheumatogenous retinal detachment

Describe the development of the lens

Eye signs of thyroid orbitopathy

Berlin’s edema

Describe the layers of cornea with the help of a labelled diagram

Chemical injuries

Mention causes of dilated pupil

Bitot spots

Ectropion

Discuss ocular chemical injuries

Discuss the causes and management of ophthalmia neonatorum.

Signs of anterior uveitis

Clinical features of fungal corneal ulcer

After-cataract

Mention the etiological types of hypermetropia

Clinical classification of retinoblastoma

Proptosis

Presbyopia

Eye bank

Trichiasis

Adverse effects of steroid eye drops

Discuss the clinical features and management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Sturm’s conoid

Lacrimal syringing

Mention four differences between papillitis and papilledema.

Chalazion

Stages of corneal ulcer

Papilledema

Causes of painless gradual diminution of vision

Horner Tranta spots

Secondary glaucoma

Causes of sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes

Discuss central retinal artery occlusion

Difference between paralytic and non paralytic squint

Discuss types and causes of scleritis

Draw and label Cross-section of upper eyelid

Describe the clinical features of keratomycosis

Orbital cellulitis

Sub conjunctival haemorrhage

Staphylomas

Non-healing corneal ulcer

Treatment of pterygium

Draw and label the cross section of the crystalline lens

IOL (intra ocular lens)

Causes of sub conjunctival hemorrhage

Discuss the clinical features of fungal corneal ulcer.

Draw and label the lacrimal drainage passages

Difference between optic neuritis and papilloedema

Enumerate the indications of keratoplasty with one example for each

Discuss vision 2020

Pilocarpine

Antifungal drugs

Atropine

Scleritis

Vitreous opacities

Rubeosis Iridis.

Lagophthalmos

Clinical features and management of vitamin A deficiency

List four causes of vitreous hemorrhage

Two causes of night blindness

Two causes of cherry red spot

Enumerate the grades of binocular vision

Two causes of gradual painless loss of vision

Enumerate two causes of cherry red spot in macula".

Two tests to evaluate Epiphora

Two clinical types of ocular injuries

Two causes of nyctalopia

Two effects of blunt injury to the lens

Mention two causes of acquired ptosis

Two causes of dilated fixed pupil.

Mention two antifungal agents

Enumerate two differential diagnoses for chalazion

List four causes of night blindness

Two types of tonometers

Mention two tests for dry eye

Enumerate two distinguishing features of incomitant squint

Two types of destructive eye surgeries

Two different corneal stains

Two dyes used in ophthalmology

Enumerate two causes of shallow anterior chamber

Two cycloplegics

Mention two causes of retinal detachment

Mention two causes of deep anterior chamber

SAFE strategy

Two types of ophthalmic ultrasound scan

Two causes of unilateral proptosis

Mention two clinical signs of keratoconus

Two causes of foreign body sensation

Enumerate two features to differentiate preseptal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis

Two types of pannus

Two types of Amblyopia

Two macular function tests

Two organism that can penetrate intact cornea

Mention two types of Dacryo Cysto Rhinostomy (DCR)

Two types of retinal detachment

Mention two types of lens induced glaucoma

Enumerate two causes for uniocular diplopia

List the etiological types of myopia

Two causes for follicles in conjunctiva

Two antiglaucoma medications

List four types of congenital cataract •

Two causes for hypopyon

Enumerate two effects of blunt trauma on the iris

Two types of colour vision tests

Two clinical conditions causing Hypopyon

Two causes of ptosis

Causes of vitreous hemorrhage

Enumerate two indications for enucleation

Mention two surgical procedures of pterygium

Mention two causes of bilateral proptosis

Two causes of cherry red spot in retina.

Two causes of leukocoria

Two causes of binocular diplopia

Two types of extracapsular cataract extraction surgeries

Two causes of pupillary miosis

Two classes of anti-glaucoma drugs

Two types of corneal degeneration

Two drugs producing toxic optic neuropathy

Two causes of reduced corneal sensation

Two drugs causing mydriasis

Two causes of preventable blindness

Two types of pediatric cataracts

Two causes of epiphora

Two types of tonometry

Two signs of keratoconus

Two causes of sudden loss of vision.

Two types of Dacryocystorhinostomy

Two types of ultrasonography in eye

Two anti-fungal drugs

Two corneal dystrophies

Mention two mydryatics

Two lacrimal sac surgeries

Two causes of colored haloes

Two causes of proptosis