General Surgery Previous Year Question Papers

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Complications of gall stones

Classify thyroid Neoplasms. . Describe clinical features, investigations and treatment of papillary carcinoma thyroid

Describe surgical anatomy of the liver. Discuss classification, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of liver trauma

Phylloides tumour

Congenital pyloric stenosis

Subdural Hematoma management

Thimble bladder

Clinical features of renal tuberculosis

Empyema necessitans

Sigmoid Volvulus.

Appendicular Mass.

Monteggia Fracture.

Spinal anaesthesia.

Hydronephrosis

Carcinoid tumour.

Paraphimosis.

Charcot’s triad.

Vesical Calculus.

Management of Chronic osteomyelitis.

Sequestrum.

Inguinal Hernia containing Meckel’s diverticulum as a part of its contents of the sac is known as A) Gilmore’s hernia B) Maydl’s hernia C) Spigelian hernia D) Littre’s hernia

Hurthle cell tumours of Thyroid are a variant of a) Papillary Carcinoma b) Follicular Carcinoma c) Medullary Carcinoma d) Anaplastic Carcinoma

Vaccination is considered in Splenectomy against all Except a) Pneumococcus b) Meningococcus c) Staphylococcus d) Hemophilus Influenza

POEM is the treatment option for A) Ca oesophagus B) Achalasia cardia C) Mallory Weiss syndrome D) Oesophageal varices

All of the following are true Except a) Superior Parathyroids arise from 4th Pharyngeal Arch b) Inferior Parathyroids arise from 5th Pharyngeal Arch c) Blood supply of Parathyroids are from Inferior Thyroid Artery d) Inferior Parathyroids arise from 3rd Pharyngeal Arch

All of the following are true Except a) Measurement of serum amylase is most widely used test for Acute Pancreatitis b) Serum amylase is more sensitive and specific than Serum lipase c) Serum amylase rises in few hours of Pancreatic damage and declines in next 4- 8 days d) All are True

Bud Chiari syndrome is due to thrombosis of A) Portal vein B) Abdominal Aorta C) Superior mesenteric vein D) Hepatic veins

All of the following syndromes are associated with Pheochromocytoma Except a) Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia II b) Von Hippel- Lindau Syndrome c) Vonreckling Hausen’s Disease d) Kasabach- Merritt Syndrome

Physiological phimosis persists until a) 2 years b) 3 years c) 5 years d) 6 years

Most common type of renal stones A) Calcium oxalate stones B) Calcium phosphate stones C) Uric acid stones D) Struvite stones

Boundaries of Calot’s triangle include all Except a) Cystic Duct b) Common Hepatic Duct c) Inferior surface of Liver d) Cystic Artery

All are true regarding Urolithiasis Except a) Calcium Oxalate stones are the most common type b) Uric acid precipitates into crystals in Acidic Urine c) Struvite and Apatite stones formed as a result of Urease producing Bacterial infections d) All are true

Ca 19-9 is a tumour marker for A) Ca pancreas B) Ca stomach C) Ca breast D) Ca thyroid

Inferior Pancreatico Duodenal Artery is branch of a) Celiac Artery b) Inferior Mesenteric Artery c) Superior Mesenteric Artery d) Aorta

A 40-year-old lady during routine ultrasound scanning of abdomen was found to have silent gall stones three months ago and was on follow up. She suddenly develops pain in the right upper abdomen with vomiting. Discuss the following: a. Probable diagnosis. b. Clinical signs. c. Relevant investigations. d. Treatment options. e. Post operative complications.

A 25 year old lady presented with acute pain abdomen, vomiting and fever. On examination Mcburney's point is tender. Discuss: a) Probable diagnosis. b) Role of imaging. c) Pre-operative preparation. d) Post-operative complications.

Define and classify the Goitres. Describe the Aetiology, Clinical features and Management of Grave’s Disease.

Enumerate the indications of Splenectomy and write a note on opportunistic post-splenectomy infections.

Splenectomy Indications and its complications

Discuss in detail the classification of Breast cancer.

Define and enumerate the causes of Lower GI Bleeding.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN).

Kehr’s sign.

Secondary Hydrocele.

Post Vagotomy Complications.

Subphrenic abscess.

Allen’s test is useful in evaluating A) Thoracic outlet compression B) Integrity of palmar arch C) Presence of cervical rib D) Digital blood flow

The complication not common in colle's fracture is a) malunion b) non union c) Sudeck's atrophy d) Stiffness of wrist

In transverse fracture of the patella, the treatment is a) Excision of small fragment b) Wire fixation c) Plaster cylinder d) Patellectomy

Tennis elbow is characterized by A) Tenderness over medial epicondyle B) Tendinitis of common extensor origin C) Tendinitis of common flexor origin D) Painful flexion and extension of Shoulder

The most common cause of a sprained ankle is injury of a) Deltoid ligament b) lateral ligament c) Inferior tibiofibular ligament d) Anterior Talofibular ligament.

March fracture affects a) Neck of 2nd metatarsal b) Body of 2nd Metatarsal c) Neck of 1st metatarsal d) Fracture of lower end of tibia

Commonest complication of extracapsular fracture of neck of femur is A) Non-Union B) Ischemic necrosis C) Malunion D) Pulmonary complications

Commonest type of dislocation of the hip is a) Anterior b) Posterior c) Central d) Dislocation with fracture of the shaft

Enameloplasty is done when there is………of the thickness of enamel. a) 1/3rd b) 1/4th c) 1/10th d) 1/2

Myositis ossificans is commonly seen at the ….. joint A) Knee B) Elbow C) Shoulder D) Hip

Which of the following nerves should be blocked for an operation at the medial aspect of the lower leg? a) Femoral b) Sciatic c) Common peroneal d) Tibial

You are an intern posted in the ICU. While taking a blood sample for ABG, which of the following steps would you not do? a) Normal ph can't rule out acid base disorder b) Add 0.5 ml Heparin to the syringe before taking blood c) If modified Allens test is negative, alternate site is chosen d) Radial artery is the preferred site.

Bone metastasis in males commonly arise from the following malignancy A) Prostate B) Kidney C) Colon D) Lung

Sclerotic dentin under reflected light appears as: a) Light b) Dark c) Opaque d) Transparent

A middle-aged man is posted for an open cholecystectomy. He has a medical history of hypercholesterolemia. The pre-anesthetic evaluation revealed abnormal liver function tests and mild hepatomegaly. Which of the following muscle relaxants can be safely used in this patient? a) Vecuronium b) Atracurium c) Pancuronium d) Rocuronium

Describe the mechanism of injury, clinical features and management of Colle’s fracture.

Discuss about incidence, mechanism of injury, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management and general, local complications of Intracapsular fracture of neck of femur in Adults.

Describe the mechanism of Injury, clinical features and management of fracture neck of Femur.

Clinical features of shoulder dislocation.

Osteo arthritis of Knee.

CTEV (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus).

Splints in orthopaedics.

Ewing’s Sarcoma.

Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV).

Epulis

Ultrasound Therapy.

Radiological features of Ewings Sarcoma

Sudeck’s osteodystrophy.

Dietary habits which leads to dental caries.

Branchial Plexus Block.

Radiological features of Osteosarcoma.

Radiological features of Chronic Osteomyelitis

Management of Mandible Fracture.

Surgical site infection

Tennis elbow

Local Anesthetic agents

Giant cell tumour

Trigger finger

Define and classify hemorrhage, write in detail about blood transfusion

PET-CT

Day care surgery

Immunohistochemistry

Complications of parenteral nutrition

Cold Abscess Neck

Describe the aetiology, pathology, investigations, differential diagnosis and treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis

Supracondylar fracture

Non union of fractures

Brodie’s abscess

Congenial deformities of foot

Metabolic Acidosis

Tubercular Lymphadenitis

Madura Foot

Define burns. Enumerate the different causes of burns. Discuss the management of a 35 years old female with 40% partial to full thickness burns

Abnormal Aortic Aneurysm

Implantation Dermoid

Capillary Hemangioma

Thrombo Angitis Obliterans (T.A.O)

Define and classify shock? Describe pathophysiology, clinical features and management of septicaemic shock.

Define and classify intestinal obstruction. Describe clinical features, pathophysiology, investigations and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction.

Plemorphic adenoma of parotid gland

Describe surgical anatomy of the stomach. Discuss etiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of early gastric cancer.

Hypokalaemia

Thyroid storm

Acute epididymo-orchitis

Carcinoma breast

Types and complications of Radiotherapy

Definition and types of skin grafts

Mammogram

Compartment syndrome

Write clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of intracapsular fracture neck of Femur in a 73 years old female patient.

High radial nerve palsy

Rickets

Congenital dislocation of Hip

Hyperparathyroidism

Osteosarcoma

Conn's syndrome consists of A. Raised aldosterone level B. Decreased aldosterone level C. Decreased thyroxine level D. Raised PTH level

Surgery for Inguinal hernia includes all EXCEPT A. Litchenstein repair B. Stoppa’s repair C. Desarda repair D. McEvedy repair

The most common type of kidney stone is A. Uric acid stone B. Calcium Oxalate stone C. Cystine stone D. Triple phosphate

A 65-year-old male patient presented in the casualty with two hours history of sudden onset of severe headache associated with nausea and vomiting. On clinical examination, the patient had neck stiffness and right-sided ptosis. The rest of the neurological examination was normal. What is the clinical diagnosis? A. Hypertensive brain haemorrhage B. Migraine C. Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage D. Arteriovenous malformation

Features of peritonitis include all EXCEPT A. Abdominal pain that increases on movement B. Fever C. Guarding D. Increased bowel sounds

Obstructive hydrocephalus is caused by A. Post hemorrhagic state B. CSF infection C. Choroid plexus carcinoma D. Lesion in the ventricle

Following are features of venous ulcer EXCEPT A. Sloping edge B. Occurs at pressure site C. Venous hypertension D. Surrounding skin pigmentation

Left sided varicocele should raise the suspicion of A. Left adrenal gland tumor B. Left pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction C. Left renal cell carcinoma D. Left pyelonephritis

Conditions associated with severe obesity are the following EXCEPT A. Type 2 diabetes B. Polycystic ovary syndrome C. Hypertension D. Hypothyroidism

Metabolic abnormalities seen in gastric outlet obstruction are A. Hyponatremic hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with paradoxical aciduria B. Hyponatremic hyperkalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with paradoxical aciduria C. Hypernatremic hypokalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with no aciduria D. Hyponatremic hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with alkaline urine

A 35-year male presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain referred to the tip of the penis, with haematuria at the end of micturition. On examination, hypogastric tenderness is present, with no guarding or rigidity. Ultrasound showed vesicular calculi. Urine culture and sensitivity showed high growth of proteus mirabilis. Which of the following type of stone could it be? A. Uric acid stone B. Oxalate stone C. Cystine stone D. Triple phosphate

Which of the following is TRUE for seminoma testis A. Predominantly spreads through lymphatics B. Consists of a mixture of tissues C. Secretes beta HCG D. Spreads predominantly by blood

PAIR technique is used in the treatment of A. Paronychia B. Hydatid cyst of the liver C. Pseudo-cyst of the pancreas D. Appendicular abscess

Goodsall’s Rule is applicable for A. Fissure in ano B. Fistula in ano C. Haemarrhoids D. Pilonidal sinus

Structure NOT preserved in modified radical neck dissection is A. Spinal accessory nerve B. Submandibular nerve C. Sternocleidomastoid muscle D. Internal jugular vein

Pain caused by irritation of nerves A. Psychogenic pain B. Nociceptive pain C. Neuropathic pain D. Inflammatory pain

36-year-old female who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy two days ago is brought to A&E with increasing abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she is very unwell and shows signs of peritonitis. Which of these is your primary diagnosis? A. Bowel injury B. Major vessel injury C. Port-site bleeding D. Port-site hernia

Which of the following is not a complication of massive transfusion? A. Hypercalcemia B. Coagulopathy C. Hypothermia D. Hyperkalemia

The following may be associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) EXCEPT A. Pneumocystitis Carinii Pneumionia B. Kaposi’s Sarcoma C. Drug treatment is most effective in late phase D. Drug treatment is most effective in early phase

What solution is used to increase the shelf life of Packed Red Blood Cells? A. Normal saline B. University of Wisconsin solution C. Formalin D. Saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol solution (SAG-M solution)

Which of the following is NOT part of the anaesthetic triad used during surgery? A. Unconsciousness B. Pain relief C. Amnesia D. Muscle relaxation

Branchial cyst , following is TRUE A. Sequestration dermoid B. Presents at the upper end of neck C. Seen at lower end of the neck D. Develops from third branchial cleft

What is the most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome? A. Widespread use of corticosteroids for other conditions B. Ectopic ACTH production C. Primary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia D. Adrenocortical Carcinoma

A patient who was admitted after a road traffic accident is put on mechanical ventilation. He opens his eyes on verbal command and moves all four limbs spontaneously. Calculate his GCS A. Eyes - 2, Verbal - 1, Motor -5 B. Eyes - 2, Verbal - NT, Motor -5 C. Eyes - 3, Verbal - 1, Motor -6 D. Eyes - 3, Verbal - NT, Motor -6

Gas Gangrene, following is true EXCEPT A. Caused by Clostridium tetani B. Occurs in immunocompromised patients C. Antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary D. Gas in soft tissue

Metabolic response to trauma and sepsis include all except A. Decrease in counter-regulatory hormones like adrenaline and cortisol B. Increased energy requirements C. Increased nitrogen requirements D. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance

Standard upper GI endoscopy includes examination of all EXCEPT A. Pharynx B. Esophagus C. Duodenum D. Jejunum

Mondor’s disease is A. Infection of scalp B. Spontaneous thrombophlebitis of veins of leg C. Spontaneous thrombophlebitis of veins of breast D. Infection of the cheek

Horner's syndrome, all are true EXCEPT A. Miosis B. Anhydrosis C. Ptosis D. Exophthalmos

In remodeling phase of wound healing it is characterized by maturation of collagen in type 1 collagen is replaced by A. Type III B. Type II C. Fibro-blasts D. Type IV

Metabolic response to trauma includes all EXCEPT A. Increased energy requirement B. Decreased energy requirement C. Increased nitrogen requirement D. Increased gluconeogenesis

Young woman who underwent a total thyroidectomy in the morning rapidly becomes agitated and complains increasing difficulty in breathing by 5.00 pm on the same day. Her pulse rate rises are central cyanosis is noticed on examination; her neck found to be tensely swollen beneath the stitches. The most appropriate management in this case would be: A. Intranasal oxygen B. Passing an endotracheal tube in the ward C. Removing sutures from all layers in the ward an evacuation of hematoma D. Immediate transfer of the patient to the operation theatre for tracheostomy

Fasciotomy is indicated in Compartment Syndrome ,if compartment pressure is higher than A. 20 mmhg B. 22 mmhg C. 25 mmhg D. 30 mmhg

Complication of blood transfusion includes all EXCEPT A. Febrile reaction B. Allergic reaction C. AIDS D. Leukemia

The inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus develop from the A. First pharyngeal pouch B. Second pharyngeal pouch C. Second branchial arch D. Third pharyngeal pouch

Which virus is associated with naso pharyngeal carcinoma? A. Epstein barr virus B. Varicella Zoster C. HPV 6 and 11 D. Rhinovirus

Cleft palate occurs due to A. Abnormal development of median nasal process B. Abnormal development of maxillary process C. Failure of fusion of palatine shelves D. Failure of fusion of nasal bones

Glomus tumours are seen in the A. Nail bed B. Cerebellum C. Retina D. Gall bladder fossa

Which solution is preferred in the initial management of hypovolemic shock? A. Normal Saline B. Ringer Lactate C. Albumin D. Blood

Preoperative plan for better surgical outcome includes all EXCEPT A. Optimize patient condition B. Informed consent C. Document relevant information D. No need to correct anaemia

Fogarty’s catheter is used for A. Urethral catheterization B. Removal of blood clots from the arteries C. Bladder drainage D. TPN

Malignancy arising from a chronic scar is called ……………. A. Meleney’s ulcer B. Melanoma C. Marjolin’s ulcer D. Rodent ulcer

Postoperative complications include all EXCEPT A. Hypotension B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C. Pneumonia D. Renal failure

The exception about enteral nutrition is A. It preserves gut mucosal barrier and immunity B. Prevents gut atrophy C. Has increased infection rates D. It is cheaper than parenteral nutrition

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Choledochal cyst

Achalasia cardia

Fistula – in – ano

Thyroglossal cyst.

Femoral hernia

Mesenteric cyst.

Epidural Anaesthesia

Acute Appendicitis

Principles of laparoscopy

Tension pneumothorax

Abdominal tuberculosis

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Pseudo-pancreatic cyst

Deep vein thrombosis

Carcinoma penis

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.

Varicocele.

Congenital hydrocele.

Enumerate the clinical features and management of pancreatic pseudocyst

1. Embryology, Clinical features and management of Horse-shoe kidney

Enumerate Indications and Complications of Blood transfusion.

Benign breast disease

Sub dural hemorrhage.

Extra dural hemorrhage.

Enumerate clinical features and add a note on management of Achalasia cardia

Hydatid cyst liver.

Enumerate types of shock and principles of resuscitation

Rectal prolapse

Gastric outlet obstruction States of TB Lymphadenitis

Lefort’s fracture. Congenital hydrocele

2. Etiopathogenesis and management of Venous ulcer

30 year old female suffered 60% burns due to gas cylinder explosion. Write about fluid and wound management of this patient.

Colonic diverticulosis

Flail chest Ochsner Sherren regimen

Wrist drop.

Write clinical features and management of inguinal hernia

Prophylaxis to prevent deep vein thrombosis in patients

Advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive surgery

Retro mammary abscess.

Types and management of Hydrocoele

Embryology, clinical features and management of Lingual thyroid

Define Ranula. What are the clinical features? How do you treat the same?

Aetiopathology of gall stones

Venous leg ulcers

Complications of duodenal ulcer

Types of Gall stones.

Pancreatic pseudocyst.

Secondaries in liver

Indications for splenectomy and complications of splenectomy

List the differential diagnosis for haematuria and elaborate on investigations

Enumerate clinical features and write a note on management of parathyroid adenoma

Sigmoid volvulous Complications after Thyroid surgery

Write the surgical management of Chronic calcific pancreatitis

What is Surgical audit? Enumerate the steps in audit cycle.

Hydrocele

Gastro intestinal stromal tumour.

Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Enumerate clinical features and write a note on management of tension pneumothorax

Aetiology of ileal perforation

Clinical features and management Fibroadenoma of the breast

Enumerate preoperative investigations in patient with SOLITARY NODULAR GOITRE

Diabetic foot

Clinical features of ruptured spleen.

Management of Appendicular mass

Minimal access surgery.

Hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy

Enumerate clinical features and management of malignant melanoma

Glasgow coma scale score

Volvulus of sigmoid colon

Ureteric calculi.

Renal cell carcinoma

Clinical features and management of Pleomorphic adenoma

Indications and complications of Split skin grafting

Enumerate clinical features and management of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Inguinal Hernia

Pleomorphic adenoma Pictorial demonstration of blood supply of large bowel

Sliding inguinal hernia

Management of carcinoma prostate.

Ischio-rectal abscess

Types of renal calculi.

Seminoma of testis

Investigations of a surgical patient

Indications and modes of administration of Enteral nutrition

Write in detail about types, clinical features and management of tetanus.

Tuberculosis of kidney.

Rupture of urethra

Dumping syndrome.

Stages of tuberculous lymphadenitis

Peptic Ulcer

Intussusceptions in children

Teratoma of testis

Ectopia vesicae.

Prolapse rectum

Bladder outlet obstruction.

Subdiaphragmatic abscesses

CECT (Contrast Enhanced CT).

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Premalignant conditions in Cancer Penis

Fistula in ano and its types.

Post operative adhesions

Paralytic ileus.

Phimosis

Amoebic liver abscess

Crohn’s disease

Goodsall’s rule

Hirschsprung’s disease

Fournier’s gangrene.

Sebaceous cyst

Calot’s triangle.

Rodent ulcer

Wilm’s tumour

Imperforate anus.

Murphy’s sign

Circumcision

Pilonidal sinus

Desmoid tumour

Annular pancreas

Barret’s oesophagus

Dietl’s crisis.

Complications of inguinal hernia

Torsion of testis

Glasgow coma scale

Enumerate components of Charcot’s triad

Horse-shoe kidney

Haemorrhoids Ranula

Components of Charcot’s Triad

Leukoplakia

Differential diagnosis for mediastinal tumors

Goodsall’s law

Pelvic abscess Trophic Ulcer

Surgical management of Umbilical hernia

Enumerate complications of splenectomy

Reynold’s pentad

Mesenteric Ischaemia Parklands Formula

Surgical procedures for Phimosis

How to diagnose torsion testis?

Richter’s hernia

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Management of Basal Cell carcinoma

Surgical anatomy of Circle of Willis

Differential diagnosis for Right iliac fossa mass. Enumerate the components of Ochsner Sherren regimen

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Complications of hernia

Indications for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreaticogram

Write a note on Metabolic surgeries

Factors affecting wound healing

Immunosuppressant drugs post renal transplant

Discuss clinical features and management of Acute Paronychia

Clinical manifestation of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Mention the components MEN1 and MEN2 syndrome

Stove in chest

Oschner-Sherren regimen.

Pneumoperitoneum

Courvoisier’s law.

Ranson’s criteria

Patent ductus arteriosus

Glasgow coma scale in head injuries

Rule of nine

An HIV positive patient is posted for hernia surgery. What are the universal precautions to be followed?

Duke’s staging for carcinoma rectum

Branchial cyst DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

Chylolymphatic cyst.

Duke’s staging

Caroli’s disease.

Complications of Vasectomy

Indications for liver transplantation.

Principles of organ transplantation

Prostate specific antigen.

Describe the steps of informed written consent

Charcot’s triad and its significance

Haemangioma

Vagotomy

Tamoxifen

Alpha-feto protein.

Helicobacter Pylori

Sister joseph’s nodule

Ethics in general surgery

Isotope renogram.

Differentiate between hypertrophic scar and keloid

Budd – chiari syndrome

Hourglass stomach.

Radiological features of sigmoid volvulus.

Complications of hydrocele

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP)

Duct papilloma.

Indications for daycare surgery

Incisional Hernia

Uses of Foley’s catheter

Enumerate various factors affecting wound healing

Intestinal Amoebiasis

Ultrasound scanning in abdominal trauma

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Ischiorectal abscess.

Colostomy

Alvarado scoring.

Enumerate clinical features of cystic hygroma

Gynaecomastia

Chimney sweeper cancer.

Indications for use of Fresh frozen plasma

Complications of superficial parotidectomy

Skin grafting

Appendicular abscess

Complications of peptic ulcer

Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis.

ABPI (Ankle Brachial Pressure Index).

How do you arrive at a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of skin?

Murphy’s syndrome.

Enumerate principles of organ transplantation

Local anaesthesia

Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Pinhole meatus.

Clinical signs of testicular torsion.

Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Secondary varicose vein causes.

Immunological basis of transplantation

Ranson’s score for acute pancreatitis

External hemorrhoids.

Use of carbon dioxide in operative surgery

Enumerate components of triage

Enteral nutrition

Watering can perineum.

Serum Amylase

Complications of Thyroidectomy.

Parkland formula for burns

String sign of Kantor.

Types of edges of ulcers

Diathermy in surgery

Ramstedt’s operation

Paraneoplastic syndromes in renal cell carcinoma.

Causes of paralytic ileus

Hypospadias

FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology).

Tongue tie

Above knee amputation

Carotid body tumor.

Peyronie’s disease

Ectopic testis.

Types of urinary calculi

Whipple’s triad.

Triad of GERD.

60 year old diabetic male came with H/o ulcer in left leg for 1 month, H/o fever, oliguria, drowsiness for 2 days. On examination Temp-102F, PR-110/min, BP-70/40mmHg, RR- 25/min, Spo2 – 85% at room air, left leg- 8*6 cm ulcer with copious purulent foul smelling discharge with pitting edema in left lower limb. a) Classify various types of shock. b) Write in detail Pathophysiology, clinical features and Management of this patient.

Enumerate aetiopathology, clinical features and investigations for renal calculi – write about management of STAG HORN Calculus.

Define Shock. Discuss the various types of shock, describe the management of hypovolaemic shock

Classify gall stones. Discuss aetiopathogenesis and management of acute calculous Cholecystitis.

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma.

Describe pathophysiology, clinical features and management of carcinoma oesophagus.

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of early breast carcinoma

Define Shock. Enumerate classification of shock. Discuss clinical features and management of septic shock.

Discuss clinical features and management of indirect inguinal hernia.

Describe Pathology, etiology, clinical features and management of acute pancreatitis.

40 year man presented with pain in the right calf while walking for the last six months. He also noticed change in colour of the second toe of right foot. a) What is the probable diagnosis? b) What other history would you like to take? c) Relevant investigation to be done d) Add a note on management of thrombo angitis obliterans

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of primary thyrotoxicosis.

What are the predisposing factors for testicular torsion? Describe the clinical presentation of testicular torsion. How will you manage a 18 year old boy with a right testicular torsion?

45 year old lady presents with a painless lump of 2x2 cm size to start within the right breast and has doubled the size in 6 months a) What other history is needed? b) What is your differential diagnosis? c) How do you investigate? d) Add a note on management of early breast carcinoma

Enumerate causes of Dysphagia – write about aetio-pathology, investigations and management of carcinoma of oesophagus.

A forty-five-year-old male, is brought to the casualty with the complaint sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He had taken a few analgesic tablets for musculoskeletal pain earlier. On examination he is dehydrated, PR 102/minute, his abdomen is rigid and liver dullness is obliterated. Discuss the probable aetiology, evaluation and treatment options for his condition Define surgical site infections, risk factors for development of SSI and its prevention and management.

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Toxic multi nodular goiter.

Enumerate the differential diagnosis of a right iliac fossa mass. How do you manage a patient with an Appendicular Mass?

Define shock. What are the different types of shock? Discuss the management of a 32 year old male patient presenting to the Emergency Room, in shock following a Road Traffic Accident

40 yr old female came with painless rapidly progressive lump in left breast for 4 months. On examination 3*3 hard lump with Peau d orange appearance with 1*1 cm hard lump in level 1 axilla. Stage the condition. Write in detail risk factors, investigations and management of this patient.

Discuss aetiology, clinical features and management of small bowel obstruction.

Describe the aetiology, clinical features, evaluation and principles of treatment of thyrotoxicosis 70yrs old man with irreducible groin swelling. Types of inguinal hernia, complications, management for this patient.

Describe the clinical features and management of Hydronephrosis.

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Hydatid cyst of liver.

Discuss causes of Acute Retention of Urine. Discuss management of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis.

Enumerate cause of peripheral vascular disease. Discuss clinical features, investigations and management of a case of Buerger’s disease.

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Amoebic Liver Abscess.

Discuss briefly etiology, clinical features and management of acute intestinal obstruction.

Describe the risk factors for carcinoma breast: clinical features, investigations and principles of management of carcinoma breast.

40 year old lady presents with swelling in the front of the neck of 10 years duration, gradually increasing in size a) List the differential diagnosis b) Symptoms of hyperthyroidism c) Complications of multinodular goitre d) Investigations for multinodular goitre

Enumerate groin hernia. Write about management of femoral hernia.

A fifty-five-year old male attends the surgical OPD with the complaints of abdominal pain, loss of appetite, progressive jaundice and itching. Discuss the probable causes, evaluation and treatment options for his condition Describe etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of oral malignancies.

Describe the types, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Non Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumours of testis.

25 year old lady presents with anxiety, palpitations, weight loss with increased appetite- a) What is your diagnosis? b) How will you investigate this patient? c) What are the medical and surgical management of this patient?

Basal cell carcinoma

Pleomorphic adenoma

Flail chest

Fissure in ano

Venous ulcer

Intermittent claudication.

Vasectomy

Subdural Haematoma

Cold abscess

Undescended testis

Universal precautions

Thomas splint

Cervical rib

Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis

Sliding hernia

Split skin grafting

Pheochromocytoma

Infantile hydrocele

Marjolin’s ulcer

Triple assessment

Keloid

Barlow’s test

Scaphoid fracture

25-year-old female presented with history of swelling in front of the neck measuring 3x3 cm that moves with deglutition a) What are the probable diagnosis and substantiate b) How do you investigate the case c) Briefly discuss the management

30-year-old woman presenting with painless swelling of six months duration in front of the lower part of neck. Swelling has two nodules, swelling moves with deglutition. Answer the following • What is the diagnosis • What are the investigations required • Discuss the complications and management

A 60-year-old lady complaints of a painless swelling of 1-year duration in her right breast. On examination it showed a hard 3x2 cm non tender swelling in the right upper quadrant along with a mobile 2 cm hard node in the (Right) axilla. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) What are the clinical manifestations of this disease c) What are the investigations you do in this patient. d) Discuss the principles in the treatment of this condition

A 40 years old male presented with swelling of left testis noticed after fall from 2 wheeler. On examination, enlarged left testis with normal cord structures and testicular sensation lost. Right testis – normal. Abdominal examination shows swelling in epigastric region. Answer the following: a) What is your diagnosis and how will you proceed b) Classification of the disease c) Management of the above condition

A 45 years old female presented with lump in the left breast since 6 months of size 4x3 cms in the upper outer quadrant, on examination lump is hard in consistency with nipple retraction, a single mobile axillary lymphadenopathy on the same side a) What is the probable diagnosis b) How do you investigate this case c) Briefly discuss the management

What is your clinical diagnosis and what are the invasb196estigations to be done" Corrected as "What is your clinical diagnosis and what are the investigations to be done?" • What is your clinical diagnosis and what are the invasb196estigations to be done • Discuss the treatment • Add a note on the complications of the surgical treatment and follow up of the patient

35-year-old female presented with history of swelling of 5x4cm since 4 months in front of the neck which moves with deglutition with loss of weight in spite of increased appetite. She is irritable with lack of sleep and oligomenorrhea. On examination tachycardia noted, patient looks anxious with lid lag and staring look. a) What is the probable diagnosis b) How do you investigate c) Briefly discuss management

A 50year old male, who is on treatment for diabetes mellitus for 10 years is admitted with history of an injury in his right foot. Examination showed that he is febrile, the right foot and leg is oedematous reddish, along with an ulcer with slough on the dorsum of foot and black patches around it. • What is the clinical condition • What are the investigations required • How is the situation managed • How is the person rehabilitated

A 50 years old male, traffic constable has come to surgical OPD with complaints of dull aching pain in both legs for past 10 years along with a small ulcer over right leg since 1 month. On examination there is dilated and tortuous veins over both lower limbs along with a 4x3 cm ulcer over the medical malleolus on right leg. Answer the following: • What is the most probable diagnosis in this case and how will you proceed to investigate this patient. • Discuss in detail upon the various management options available for this patient. • Discuss about conservative management of ulcer in this case, if the patient is not willing for surgery

A 35year old lady presents with history of palpitations and weight loss despite an increased appetite since 4 months. She has tachycardia and a uniformly enlarged firm goiter. Answer the following questions: a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) What are the other symptoms and signs which would support the diagnosis c) What investigations would be required to confirm the diagnosis d) Briefly outline the management of this condition

A 30 year old female presented to the casualty with history of burn injury to the head and neck, both upper limbs and the front and back of chest. a) How will you assess the area and degree of burns b) Describe pathophysiology of burns and its classification c) Outline the management for this patient

Liver abscess.

Classify burns injury. Discuss the management of 60% burns in a 40-year-old man

Discuss the pathophysiology clinical features, investigations and treatment of venous ulcer

Management of haemothorax and indications of thoracotomy

GERD

Define shock, discuss the clinical features, classification, presentation and management of various types of shock

Discuss the types of burns and its management.

Classify wounds. Describe factors affecting wound healing.

Discuss the clinical features, investigations and treatment of toxic Goiter.

Define and classify shock and discuss the initial management & resuscitation in shock.

Discuss the clinical features, investigation and treatment of acute limb ischemia

Principles, indications, complications of blood transfusion

Diagnosis and management of subdural heamatoma

Solitary thyroid nodule

Describe briefly pathogenesis of Nodular goitre and its management

Ca Penis

Fluid management in burns.

Tetanus

Seminoma testis.

Extradural hematoma

Diagnosis and management of Deep vein thrombosis

Extra dural hematoma

Principles of treatment of hand infections

Ameloblastoma

Define gangrene, describe clinical types, causes, clinical features and management of atherosclerotic gangrene of lower limb

Tracheostomy

Triad associated with Retroperitoneal Fibrosis a) Beck’s Triad b) Carney’s Triad c) Galezia Triad d) Sandblom Triad

Plunging ranula

Neck dissection

Gall stones.

Papillary carcinoma thyroid

Hormonal therapy of breast cancer

Classify salivary tumors, describe Warthin’s tumor

Implantation dermoid cyst

Necrotizing soft-tissue infections

Complications of hydrocele surgery

Pain management

Hypokalemia

Hiatus hernia

Triple assessment in breast diseases

Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Cystic hygroma

Indication for artificial nutritional support, Describe in detail about Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Renal stones

Pressure ulcer

Bladder stones

Buerger’s disease

Colonoscopy

Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Urolithiasis

ERCP

Fluid resuscitation in burns patient

Medullary carcinoma thyroid

Carcinoma tongue

Fecolith

Cystosarcoma phyllodes

Prophylactic antibiotics

Retrosternal goiter

Describe causes, clinical features and treatment of hyponatremia

Ludwig’s angina

MOHS- micro graphic surgery

Complications of varicose veins of lower limbs

Sentinel node biopsy

Regarding hypospadiasis, identify the wrong statement a. Urethral opening is on the dorsum of the penis b. External meatus opens on the lumbar side of the penis c. Ventral aspect of the prepuce is poorly developed d. Ventral deformity of the erect pennis (chordae)

Describe types of wound healing

Phases of wound healing

Thyroiditis

Informed consent

Types of regional anesthesia

Fat Embolism

Classify lymphedema, describe clinical features and management

Intra venous anesthesia

Dercum’s disease

Lumbar sympthectomy

Bone grafts

Congenital hydrocoele

Claudication

Types of dermoids

Crush syndrome.

Chemodectoma

Secondary haemorrhage

Sportman hernia

Stress ulcers

Urethral stricture

Wound healing

Primary lymphoedema

During a surgical procedure, a patient experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure. What is the immediate priority a) Continue the surgery without interruption b) Administer a large volume of fluids rapidly c) Identify the cause of the hypotension and take appropriate corrective measures d) Call for a psychiatric consultation

Couinaud's segments of the liver

Routes of spread of renal cell carcinoma

Frey’s syndrome

Fluid resuscitation in burns

Lisfranc’s amputation

A patient requires long-term nutritional support following resection of more than 200 cm of gangrenous small bowel. What is the most appropriate access a) Peripheral intravenous catheter c) Butterfly needle b) Central venous catheter d) Feeding jejunostomy

Staghorn calculus

Encysted hydrocele of the cord

Glasgow coma scale score for head injury

Marker of small cell cancer of lung is a. Synaptobrevin b. Chromogranin ها c. Cytokeratin d. Vimentin

Ulnar paradox

Cubitus varus

A patient presents with a dislocated tooth. What is the best initial management a) Replant the tooth immediately if possible and seek dental consultation b) Leave the tooth as it is and advise rinsing with water c) Extract the tooth to prevent further damage d) Apply ice to the area and wait for it to heal

Phylloides tumour of breast

Pneumothorax

Jaipur foot

Claw hand - deformity

Split skin graft

Mallet finger

Triage

The most common long term complication of perineal abscess is a) Incontinence b) Perineal pain c) Tenesmus d) Fistula in ano

Osteoclastoma

Rule of 9 in burns

Percutaneous tracheostomy

Bone graft

Intercostal tube drainage

Open fracture

Outline the causes of Hematuria

Mastalgia

A 65-year-old male presents with painless jaundice which is progressive and there are scratch marks over body on examination a) Discuss the differential diagnosis b) Elaborate on the investigation algorithm including the role of imaging (ERCP, MRCP) c) Outline the patient preparation and surgical options with a brief mention of their complications d) Discuss the importance of palliative care in inoperable cases what are the palliative measures feasible

Paronychia

Fibroadenosis

Submandibular sialolithiasis

Aortic aneurysm

Nerve repair.

Pre malignant condition of carcinoma penis

Hydrocoele

Gout

Bupivacaine

Describe the anesthetic considerations for a patient undergoing emergency laparotomy for a perforated peptic ulcer. a) Preoperative assessment and optimization. b) Intraoperative management, including fluid balance and monitoring. c) Postoperative pain management and potential complications.

Fibroadenoma

Splenectomy is not useful in a. Aplastic anemia b. Hereditary spherocytosis c. Thalassemia d. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Discuss the principles of management of a child with Hirschsprung's disease.

Treatment of venous ulcer

Gas used in laparoscoру a. Oxygen b. Nitric dioxide c. Carbon dioxide d. Nitrous oxide

Multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome

Patellar tap.

Explain the classification and management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children

Raynaud’s disease

Advantages and limitations of minimal access surgery

Describe the complications of gastrectomy and their prevention.

List four causes of small bowel obstruction.

Describe in detail with examples - Conflicts in professional relationship

Outline the steps of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist

Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and principles of management of dislocation of the shoulder joint.

Describe the clinical features, investigation and principles of management of Tuberculosis of the knee joint.

Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and principles of management of osteosarcoma of distal end of femur

Arthrocentesis

Plaster of Paris

Pseudoarthrosis

Skeletal traction.

Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of 10-year-old child with acute osteomyelitis of proximal tibia.

Classify shoulder dislocation. Describe clinical features, diagnosis and management of anterior dislocation of shoulder in adults.

Discuss classification, mechanism, clinical types of fracture healing, general principles of management of fracture

A 65-year-old lady presents with inability to walk following a fall at her home. Her left lower limb is externally rotated and shortened. Examination reveals tenderness at the left hip. Answer the following: • What are the most likely diagnoses • Discuss management of this patient • How can this injury be prevented

Define osteomyelitis. Describe etiology, pathology, clinical and radiological features and management of chronic osteomyelitis.

Describe mechanism of injury, clinical features and management of posterior dislocation of hip

Clinicoradiological features of osteosarcoma.

Management of Brodie’s abscess

Neuropathic arthritis.

Hand deformities of Rheumatoid arthritis.

Ulnar claw hand

Evaluation of Genu varum in a child.

McMurray’s test

Simple bone cyst

Fracture clavicle.

Charcot’s joint.

Spondylolisthesis

Features and uses of Thomas splint.

Giant cell tumor of bone.

Torticollis

Classification of Non-union in fracture.

Radiological features of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH).

Deformities in CTEV.

Radial nerve palsy

Galeazzi fracture dislocation.

Osteoid osteoma

Septic arthritis principles of management

MRC grading of muscle power.

Complications in fracture shaft of femur.

Anterior drawer test

Foot drop splint

Clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Complications of chronic osteomyelitis

Bursa around knee

Saturday night palsy

Intussusception.

Umbilical hernia

Pseudo cyst of pancreas.

Types of mesenteric cysts.

A 70 year old male presents with recent anorexia, early satiety and weight loss. Physical examination reveals pallor and a palpable epigastric mass which moves with respiration. • What is the most probable diagnosis • How will you investigate • Briefly outline the management

An elderly female presented with pain and distension of abdomen with reduced appetite and loss of weight since 4 months. The patient also complains of yellowish discolouration of skin, eyes and passage of clay coloured stools since one month. On examination scratch marks present all over the body. a) What is the probable diagnosis b) What are the relevant investigations c) Discuss the management

A 50-year-old man came to emergency department with severe intermittent abdominal pain, absolute constipation since two days with history of late vomiting. On physical examination abdomen is distended. Tense, tender and sluggish bowel sounds present. Rectal exam is empty. • Likely diagnosis • What are the investigations to conform diagnosis • Management in brief

21 years old male presents to casualty with abdominal pain starting around the umbilicus and shifting to right iliac fossa with history of fever and vomiting for one-day duration. Clinical examination reveals fever with tachycardia, guarding, tenderness and rebound tenderness in right iliac fossa. Answer the following: • What is the probable diagnosis • What are the investigations • How will you manage this patient

A 55 years old woman is admitted with history of progressive jaundice, loss of appetite, generalized weakness, itching all over the body and weight loss. On examination patient has hepatomegaly and a globular swelling in the right hypochondrium. Answer the following: • What is the probable diagnosis • What are the investigations to diagnose the disease • Discuss the management

46 year old male patient presented with diffuse pain in the abdomen since 3 days, with 3-4 episodes of vomiting, not passing flatus and stools since 2 days. On examination there is tachycardia, distended abdomen with no guarding and no rigidity, bowel sounds sluggish in nature. a) What is the most probable clinical diagnosis b) What are the relevant investigations c) Briefly describe about the management of the condition

Male aged 30 years presented in surgery casualty with severe vomiting of large quantity of blood with bloody stools in state of unconsciousness. History of chronic alcohol intake a) What is the diagnosis b) What investigation required to confirm the diagnosis c) Resuscitation and management of the condition

Etiology, clinical features and management of cholelithiasis.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

Ileo caecal tuberculosis.

Koch’s abdomen

Carcinoid tumor

Duodenal ulcer

A 40 year old obese lady presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain since 1day. She has tenderness and guarding in the right hypochondrium. • What is the likely diagnosis • What are the relevant investigations • Outline the management briefly

A 20-year-old presented with pain right lower abdomen of one day duration. He gives h/o pain around the umbilicus on the previous day. He also has nausea and fever of one day duration a) What is the most probable clinical diagnosis b) What are the relevant investigations c) Describe briefly about management

35 year old male brought to casualty with complaints of severe upper abdomen pain patient is rolling on the bed, vomiting, pain radiating to back, pain worse soon after eating, history of chronic alcoholic abuse examination of abdomen, tender and distended, fever and rapid pulse present • What is the probable diagnosis • What all investigation is required to confirm diagnosis • Management of the patient

35 years old male, a known case of acid peptic disease is presenting with acute onset of upper abdominal pain, guarding and rigidity of upper abdomen with obliteration of liver dullness and tachycardia. Answer the following: • What is the most probable diagnosis • What are the relevant investigations • How will you manage this patient

A young male is brought to casualty with massive hematemesis. On examination patient has pallor. His pulse rate is 120/min. BP is 80/60 mmHg. Answer the following: • What are the probable causes • How will you investigate • Mention briefly the management

50Y old male patient presented with vomiting about 1-1.5 hrs after consuming food since 3 months and tolerates only oral liquids and soft diet. History of significant weight loss and loss of appetite present. He also has history of peptic ulcer and is on treatment for the same since 2 years. No history of malena, no history of altered bowel habits. On examination, abdomen is distended, visible gastric peristalsis present. a) What is the clinical diagnosis b) What are the relevant investigations c) Describe briefly about the management of the condition

55-year-old male patient presented with acute onset pain which started at the epigastric region later spread to the entire abdomen. He is lying still, with shallow rapid breath. O/E his abdomen is rigid and diffusely tender • Possible diagnosis • Investigation • Management

Alterations in liver function tests in obstructive jaundice.

Curling’s ulcer

Pseudomembranous colitis

Meckel’s diverticulitis

Enumerate complications of gall stones.

Mention causes of reflux esophagitis

Colonic pseudo obstruction

Pancreatic calculi

Complications of acute pancreatitis.

Complications of splenectomy

Amoebic colitis

Blunt abdominal trauma evaluation

Types of colostomy

Pelvic abscess

Sigmoidoscopy

Branchial cyst.

Complications of Blood Transfusion.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Ranula.

Clinical features and treatment of tetanus.

Malignant Melanoma.

Upper GI endoscopy.

Dermoid cyst.

Horner’s syndrome.

Carbuncle.

Felon.

Which colour of triage is given the highest priority. a) Red b) Green c) Yellow d) Black

Most common benign tumors in Parotid gland a) Pleomorphic adenoma b) Warthins tumour c) Pheochromocytoma d) Sialoblastoma

The most common cause of fat embolism is a) Weight gain b) Weight loss c) Bone fracture d) Infection

Commonest cause of AV fistula is a) Congenital b) Traumatic c) Iatrogenic d) Tumour erosion

Which of the following associated with Xerostomia, Except a) Antidepressants b) Sjogrens syndrome c) Chronic anxiety d) Cholenergic medications

In triage green colour indicates a) Ambulatory patient b) Dead or Moribund c) High priority treatment or transfer d) Medium priority or transfer

Hyper acute transplant rejection occurs in a) Type 1 HSV b) Type 2 HSV c) Type 3 HSV d) Type 4 HSV

All of the following are naturally available Suture Material Except a) Catgut b) Silk c) Thread d) Vicryl

Gas used in Laparoscopy a) Oxygen b) Nitric dioxide c) Carbon dioxide d) Nitrous oxide

Hypotension in acute spinal injury is due to: a) Loss of sympathetic tone b) Loss of parasympathetic tone c) Orthostatic hypotension d) Vasovagal attack

Match the following: Colour Codes Injury 1. Red A. Tension pneumothorax 2. Yellow B. Severe brain damage 3. Green C. Compound fracture 4. Black D. Simple fracture a) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B b) 1-A, 2-D, 3-C, 4-B c) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D d) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

First line management in Hypovolemic shock is a) Vasopressors b) Blood transfusion c) IV Crystalloids d) Steroids

A 32-year-old male is receiving a blood transfusion after being involved in a road traffic accident. A few minutes after the transfusion he complains of loin pain. his observations show temperature 39o C, HR 130bpm and BP 95/40mm Hg. What is the best test to confirm his diagnosis. a) USG Abdomen b) Direct coomb's test c) Blood cultures d) Sickle cell test

Most common organ injured in blunt trauma abdomen a) Stomach b) Spleen c) Pancreas d) Kidney

Which of following will be most important prognostic indicator in patient with stage 1 melanoma. a) Site b) Stage c) Lymph node d) Depth of melanoma

Which of the following is not scanned by e-FAST. a) Pericardium b) Liver c) Bowel d) Spleen

Massive blood transfusion is defined as a) whole blood volume in 24 hrs b) half blood volume in 24 hrs c) 40 percent blood volume in 24 hrs d) 60 percent blood volume in 24 hrs

60-year-old farmer had renal transplant 15 years ago presents with rapidly growing lump on dorsum of his hand for past 6 months. It is painless but has recently become ulcerated with discharge and bleeding. It has not responded to usual wound care and dressing. what is diagnosis. a) BCC b) Fungal infection c) SCC d) CMV infection

True regarding benign mixed parotid tumour is: a) Slow growing and lobular b) Firm and capsulated c) 50% of parotid tumour. d) All of the above

compensatory mechanism in a patient with hypovolemic shock a) increased renal blood flow b) Decrease in cortisol c) Decreased in vasopressin d) Decreased cutaneous blood flow

Nasogastric tube length is measured by a) Nose to ear to midpoint between xiphisternum and umbilicus b) Nose to ear to xiphoid process c) Nose to umbilicus d) Nose to ear to pubic symphysis

During rounds you have been asked to examine patient with ulcer over face. Which of the following feature will raise suspicion of it being squamous cell carcinoma a) Everted edged b) Inverted edged c) Rolled out edged d) Undermined edged

All are Acyanotic Congenital Heart disease except a) ASD b) Tetralogy of Fallot c) PDA d) VSD

The standard Triple therapy of Immunosuppression in organ transplantation includes all except a) Calcineurin inhibitors b) Anti proliferative agents c) Steroids d) mTOR inhibitors

According to NICE criteria, CT is indicated immediate after mild head injury for which of the following patient. a) An episode of vomiting b) Ongoing headache c) Loss of consciousness at the time of injury d) Age over 65

Most important HLA marker for Organ rejection after transplantation a) HLA - A b) HLA - B c) HLA - DR d) HLA - C

Which of the following parts of the body is not affected by leprosy a) Testes b) Ovary c) Nasal Mucosa d) Axilla

Claw hand occurs due to palsy of a) Radial nerve b) Ulnar nerve c) Saphenous nerve d) Median nerve

Most commonly used gas in Laparoscopic Surgery a) Helium b) N2O c) Oxygen d) CO2

Cock's peculiar tumour is a) Papilloma b) Infected sebaceous cyst c) Cylindroma d) Squamous cell carcinoma

A 27-year-old female, weighing about 55 kgs, is brought to Emergency room with 45% burns involving Chest and Extremities, sustained in kitchen. Discuss: a. What is the Immediate care. b. How is Body surface area assessed by 'Rule of nine'. c. Pathophysiology of burns. d. Calculate fluid management by Parkland formula e. Mention two late complications.

A 35-year-old male, heavy smoker, is seen for cramping pain in both calves after walking for 500 mts, which is relieved by rest. On examination of ankle and foot region, pulses are diminished and there is hair loss with brittle nails. Discuss the: a. Probable condition. b. Pathophysiology. c. Radiological evaluation. d. Principles of management

A 25-year-old male is seen in emergency room for a laceration over right hand following a fall from bike on the road. a) How the wounds can be classified. b) What are the types of wound healing. c) What are the three stages of wound healing. d) What are the local general factors affecting wound healing.

A 55 yr old male Security guard presents with prominent veins in his right lower limb and pain that gradually increases at the end of the day. On examination, dilated veins are found along the antero-medial aspect of the affected limb and an active ulcer 4x3 cm, proximal to medial malleolus. He was advised Venous doppler which reported incompetence at Sapheno- femoral junction and Multiple perforators in leg and Negative for Deep vein thrombosis. a. Classify the condition by CEAP. b. Describe the risk factors and physiology associated. c. Describe some important clinical tests. d. Describe the ulcer e. Outline the Management of the ulcer and Varicose veins.

Define Shock, describe pathophysiology, classification and management of Hypovolaemic Shock.

A 45-year-old male, smoker, is seen for a painless progressive swelling 2 X 2 cm, in the right parotid region, since one year. On examination, it appears to be a nodule arising from parotid gland. Discuss: a) What is the probable diagnosis. b) Clinical features of malignant transformation. c) Importance of oral cavity examination. d) Relevant investigations and management.

Hyperkalaemia.

Classify burns based on depth. Calculate the fluid volume for 60 kg weight and 30 % deep burn surface area, based on Parkland Formula.

Massive Blood transfusion and its complications.

Surgical audit.

Explain the compensatory mechanisms that occur in the body for Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, with one example each.

General and Local factors effecting wound healing.

Amputation.

Tetanus-Clinical features and Management.

Immunosuppressive therapy.

Complications of undescended testis.

Venous Doppler for Varicose Veins.

Warthin’s tumour.

Types of skin grafts and advantages of any one.

Imaging for thoracic injury.

Adson’s test.

Cancrum oris.

Para Phimosis.

Cleft Lip.

Tumour markers.

Three examples of Day care surgery.

Colles fracture

Baker's cyst

Malunion

a) Shoulder Rotator cuff disease b) Tuberculous osteomyelitis

Bursa

Carpel tunnel syndrome

Sciatic nerve injury

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Dentigerous cyst

Mallory Weiss tear

45year old male patient presented with upper abdominal pain and vomiting of one day duration. Pain radiating to back. There is history of alcohol intake 2 days back. On examination there is tachycardia, mild abdominal distension and tenderness with guarding in epigastrium. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) How do you investigate c) How do you manage this patient

27year old male patient presented with pain in right lower abdomen, vomiting and fever of 3 days duration. On examination there is tachycardia, pyrexia and tender mass in right iliac fossa. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) What are the relevant investigations c) How do you treat this patient

65years old male patient presents with massive abdominal distension, absolute constipation and pain abdomen of one-day duration. On examination there is tachycardia, massive abdominal distension and tenderness, no guarding or rigidity plain X ray of erect abdomen showed coffee bean sign. a) What is your diagnosis b) What are the etiological factors c) How do you investigate and treat this patient

35 year old male patient with history suggestive of peptic ulcer disease presents to emergency with complaints of severe diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal distension of 1 day duration. On examination, abdomen is distended, tender with guarding and rebound tenderness. a) What is your probable diagnosis b) How do you manage this patient

Assertion (A): Incisional hernias are a common complication of abdominal surgery Reason (R): They occur due to inadequate wound healing a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A c) A is true, but R is false b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A d) A is false, but R is true

Carcinoid tumour of appendix

Assertion (A): Undescended testis (cryptorchidism) increases the risk of infertility and testicular cancer Reason (R): The higher temperature in the abdomen impairs sperm development a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A c) A is true, but R is false b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A d) A is false, but R is true

Meckel’s diverliculum

Regional anaesthesia