Kerala University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryCommunity Medicine Previous Year Question Papers

Differentiate between Joint family and Nuclear family

Epidemic Dropsy.

Two differences between eugenics and euthenics

National Rural Health Mission.

Functions of World Health Organization

Warning signs of poor mental health

Methods of sampling

Steps of planning cycle

Five months old baby was brought to Primary Health Centre with the complaint that the baby does not move the right lower limb. The baby was reported to have low grade fever of 5 days duration preceding the onset of the above symptoms. On examination baby was found to have severe loss of motor strength and the sensory system was normal. • What is your probable diagnosis • Explain the surveillance methods for such condition • What are the strategies adopted by Government of India for eradication of such condition.

Final MBBS students observed that a high number of cases of oral cancer are admitted to the surgery department of teaching hospital where they are posted. They want to find out the risk factors for oral cancer. Answer the following. a) What type of study would they have to undertake. b) Write the methodology. c) Mention ways to analyse and interpret the data

You are posted as the medical officer of a PHC in a flood prone area of central Kerala. Following heavy rain fall, it was decided to shift families to the camps organized in the area. a) What are the issues that can occur in the camps. b) What measures will you take to tackle those issues. c) What are the medical relief operations you would organize in the area to mitigate the problem.

Mr. Raju, aged 35 years who is working as a painter and a smoker for 15 years has reported to your health center with complaints of evening rise of temperature, associated with cough and productive sputum for more than 3 weeks. Also presents with h/o loss of weight and appetite. He belongs to a nuclear family consisting of wife and one infant. As a medical officer. • How do you diagnose the case. • How would you treat the case. • What measures will be taken for the family members.

Ramesh 7th semester MBBS student while doing his community medicine stay posting in a rural CHC observed that, there are around 15% people suffering from hypertension. He decided to find out risk factors of hypertension. Answer the following: • What is the type of study design he should use if study has to be completed during the posting and mention reasons • State the objectives of study • Mention the methodology of study • How will you analyze the data

A health education session for mothers of under five children on nutrition is to be conducted by you at the Primary Health Centre. a) Which methods of health communication can be used b) What are the types of models of health education c) What are the possible barriers to communication d) What are the principles of health education applicable e) List the health functionaries who can be involved in conducting the session

A surgeon in a tertiary hospital has been seeing a number of cases of carcinoma of the oral mucosa. The surgeon also observed that several of the patients gave a history of chewing the leaves of a particular plant and now approaches you to help design a research study to test the association between carcinoma of the oral mucosa which is fairly rare and chewing the leaves of this plant. Answer the following: a) What type of study would you carry out b) Describe the steps in this study design c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the selected study design d) What is the relevant measure of association and how is it calculated

In a study to assess the relationship between birth weight and infant mortality,700 babies among 5500 weighed below 2500 grams at birth. They were followed up till they completed their first birthday. Of the 500 infants deaths registered, 350 occurred among babies with normal birth weight. • What type of study is this. • What are the steps of conducting this study. • Construct 2 x 2 table for the for the data in the question. • Write three advantages and disadvantages of this study.

A lady brings her 2 years old daughter to the urban health centre, stating that the girl had developed a fever and a peppery rash on her face. You examine and diagnose this as a case of measles. On inquiry, the mother states that she has migrated from a far-away state and her child has not received any immunizations. Answer the following: • How will you plan the child immunization • Outline health problems faced by migrants in an urban area. • Describe the strategy for measles elimination in India

Rema aged 30 presents to your OPD with tiredness. She is now 28 weeks pregnant. On investigation her Hb is found to be 5g/dl. a) What is the diagnosis b) How will you manage this patient c) What is the WHO classification of this disease d) What are the complications of this condition e) How will you prevent such cases in the community

Fifty underweight children were selected from an Anganwadi and fifty controls with ideal weight for age was selected from the corresponding anganwadi, matched for age and sex. The objective was to find out the risk factors for malnutrition. • Which is the most appropriate study design for the above mentioned question. • What are the biases in the proposed study design that can occur • What are the steps of the above study design • What are the advantages and disadvantages of the above design.

In a sub centre village, more than 75 members of both gender and different age group reported repeated vomiting and diarrhoea from last night. Some severe cases were admitted in nearby community health centre. a) As a medical officer of primary health centre, what are your objectives of investigating the above incident b) What preventive measures will you undertake to prevent recurrence c) Enlist the steps in investigation of an outbreak.

You are the medical officer of Primary Health Centre. During a family visit, you found a child, two years old having cough and fever since one week. On examination child had increased temperature, fast breathing with respiratory rate 44/minute, but no chest indrawing. a) What is the diagnosis. How do you classify the illness. b) Briefly describe the management of this condition and preventive measures.

What is maternal mortality. Describe the factors responsible for high maternal mortality in India. Describe the various measures implemented to reduce the same

A mother brings her 10-year-old son to the rabies clinic with a history of stray dog bite. There are lacerated bleeding wounds on the lower limbs and one wound on the face of the boy. a) What history will you ask from the mother. b) Describe the management of the case. c) What are the pre-exposure and post exposure strategies for rabies prevention.

A 5-year-old boy belonging to lower socio-economic status was referred to a Tertiary Care Hospital for investigation of a Persistent Anaemia, but on examination had mild pitting oedema in both legs, his hair was pale and easily pluckable and a soft liver edge was palpable. A dietary history revealed that for about 2 years the child's diet had contained very little protein. a) What is your provisional diagnosis b) What is Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Describe the epidemiology, classification, etiology, signs and symptoms of PEM. c) Discuss the preventive and control measures of PEM d) What are the socio-cultural factors contributing to PEM in India e) What measures the Government of India is taking to control Malnutrition in India, discuss the National Programmes related to it and services provided at each level of Health Care

A patient report to a clinic with anesthetic patches suggestive of leprosy. Answer the following: a) How leprosy is classified clinically towards planning treatment b) Describe the drug regimens used in the treatment c) What are the two reactions that can be seen in patients with leprosy, and what are the signs of each type of reaction

The District health officer is concerned that there may be an increase in new-onset diabetes among young individuals aged 20-45 years after COVID-19 infection. It was decided to conduct an epidemiological investigation to study the risk of getting diabetes after Covid 19 infection. a) What would be an appropriate study design to test this hypothesis. Justify with reasons. b) Enumerate and explain the steps of the study with outcome measures of association in the study for drawing inference. c) Enlist any two advantages and disadvantages of this study design.

Define maternal mortality rate. Enumerate the causes of high maternal mortality rate in India and add a note on preventive measures.

Ramu aged 45 years who had a recent travel to Orrisa now presents to your PHC with condition of high fever and chills. On investigation malarial parasite seen in blood. a) What are the species of malarial parasites seen in India. b) How will you treat malarial infections in India. c) What is the chemoprophylaxis for malaria as per national policy. d) How will you control malaria in your PHC area. e) Name the national programme associated with malaria

As a medical officer in a primary health center of a high risk area for malaria, what are the indicators that will help you to prepare a plan of action against malaria. What are the strategies you will follow for prevention and control of malaria. What is the chemotherapy for severe and complicated malaria.

Mrs. Lalitha, a 25-year-old school teacher, had cough and fever for 3 weeks. She visited a practitioner who prescribed a course of antibiotics. As there was no improvement a chest X-ray was adviced which showed persistent right upper zone infiltrates, she was then diagnosed to have TB and was immediately started on INH, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide in a combination available at the nearby pharmacy. She was irregular for two months because it was expensive. Since she felt better, she then stopped taking medicines. Three months later she was brought to casualty gasping for breath and died. In the meantime, her one-year-old child Preethi developed prolonged fever, vomiting and convulsions. a) List all the issues and consequences in the management of Mrs. Lalitha. b) What could have been done differently to tackle the issues and prevent these problems, what advise she should get considering her occupation to be a school teacher c) With a flow chart, elaborate the new diagnostic algorithm for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis under National TB Elimination program. d) What prevention strategies should have been taken for Preethi

You are the medical officer of a PHC. An Anganwadi worker of your area reported that a 2-year-old child is having a weight for height lower than -3 SD as per growth chart. There is history of recurrent respiratory infections present in the child. a) Classify malnutrition and diagnose this child. b) What measure you will take to manage the child c) What preventive measures you will take to avoid such cases in your area.

It was observed that low birth weight babies are increasing among women in a difficult rural area. It was decided to conduct a study to identify the risk factors of low birth weight babies a) What is the ideal study design you would adopt for this study b) What are the steps of this study design c) How do you calculate the measure of risk in this study d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of this study

Raghu, a 53-year-old male residing in a slum presented to the Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) with symptoms of cough, chest pain and fever of 3 weeks duration. He is diagnosed as a case with recurrent episode of Tuberculosis. He weighs 68 kg. a) How many samples of sputum are to be collected for smear examination. b) What are the tests for diagnosis of Tuberculosis. c) Explain the current screening strategy of tuberculosis in India. d) List the fixed dose combination to be started for Raghu. e) Define any 5 epidemiological indices to measure the Tuberculosis problem in a community.

During a family visit, Muniyamma’s son Ramu, aged 4 years was having diarrhea since morning. Muniyamma’s daughter Shwetha aged 20 months is also suffering from diarrhea for past 3 days. She is passing loose stools, 10 episodes per day. Her eyes are sunken. Mouth and tongue are dry. She is eager to drink water, but Muniyamma has withheld water and food to her children because of an erroneous belief. How will you manage this situation.

Define infant mortality rate. What are the factors influencing infant mortality in India. What are the measures taken to reduce infant mortality in India.

Following a vaccination in your Primary Health Centre, many kids developed acute onset of seizure, alteration in level of consciousness within 24 hours of receiving the vaccine. As a medical officer, you are requested to investigate this. • What is this event known as • How will you categorize such events based on cause • Outline the investigation of such event

Define epidemiology. What are the types of epidemiological studies designed to explore disease etiology. Discuss in detail ‘framework’ and ‘steps’ in conducting the cohort study. Mention the merits and demerits of cohort study.

Master Rahul is a 6-year-old boy brought by his mother to your Primary Health Centre (PHC) with symptoms of fever, myalgia and multiple small joint pain since 6 days. On examination he is febrile, nourished well and no signs of toxemia or haemorrhagic manifestations. Dengue IgMAC ELISA comes positive with normal platelet count and hematocrit. a) How will you manage the child in your PHC for Dengue infection b) What would be the key messages you would tell the mother for follow up c) Enumerate the prevention and control strategies for Dengue under National Vector borne disease control programme.

How will you investigate and manage a food poisoning outbreak reported from a college hostel in your area.

What are the sources of air pollution. Discuss the effects of air pollution on health. Write a note on the prevention and control of air pollution.

As a medical officer you are requested to organize a specialist health service camp for diabetic patients. How will you plan the event in your primary health care centre.

Many villages near the river bank are affected by flood. Medical college is sending your team to the affected area. Explain the measures that you undertake.

As a medical officer of a PHC,Prepare an action plan to ensure geriatric friendly health services in your area

An employee of a coal industry developed cough and fever for 3 weeks. He is diagnosed to be suffering from Tuberculosis. a) Is this employee covered by the ESI act b) Is his employee eligible to avail extended sickness benefit c) What are the provisions of sickness benefit d) List the benefits to employees in the ESI act e) Name another important factory law in India f) Describe the preventive and control measures of Pneumoconiosis

During an outbreak of hepatitis A it has been found that disinfection of wells is not proper. How will you give instructions to health worker for proper disinfection of wells.

While checking the vaccine prior to routine immunization session at the PHC the intern checks the vaccine vial monitor of OPV vaccine and notices that the colour of the inner square is darker than the outer circle

As a programme officer, what interventions will you take for prevention and control of neuro lathyrism.

A group of 40-year old software professionals have invited you to address them on how to prevent cardiovascular disease, since they have heard that it is the leading cause of death in India. Describe the outline of your session with them on this topic.

A forty year old security guard presented to emergency department with the complaint of dog bite on his left leg. On examination there are multiple bite marks on the leg with bleeding

A study to assess the risk factors of anemia among adolescent girls is to be undertaken in a PHC area.. a) Suggest an appropriate study design. b) List the steps of conducting this study design c) What are the advantages of this study design d) Classify epidemiological study designs e) Is it possible to establish a cause effect relationship f) List the bias/biases involved in this study.

Cases of vomiting and diarrhea are reported from the nurses hostel. What are the steps you would take to investigate and control the situation.

A microbiologist wants to know how good is the newly developed screening test against diabetes mellitus. How do you evaluate this screening test

A family of 4 members 50year old man, wife aged 46years and their two children aged 22 year and 20year respectively had sudden onset of fever and dry cough since 5days, later followed by myalgia. H/o recent travel present. How would you like to investigate the case

100 children with bronchopneumonia were taken and, 100 children with the same age and sex who did not have bronchopneumonia were taken and history of vitamin A rich food intake was assessed.

Nutritional anemia is increasing among adolescent girls in your PHC area. After conducting a prevalence study 25% are having nutritional anemia. What are the measures you will take to control and prevent the occurrence of nutritional anemia among adolescent girls

A 12-year-old girl studying in primary school had hypopigmented and hypoanasthetic patches on her back and on her thighs during school health check-up. Answer the following. a) List the probable causes. b) How will you diagnose the condition. c) How will you manage this case. d) What advice will you give to the family

Sindhu 32 years female, resident of Varanasi frequently bathes in the river Ganges. She brings home water from the river for consumption. She develops a skin condition for which she consults a doctor. a) What could be the reason behind the skin condition b) Define Safe Water. Enumerate the sources of water c) What are the methods for purification of water on small scale d) Discuss in detail about rapid sand filter method of water purification e) Write a note on the bacteriological quality of drinking water

Yearly report of your PHC shows increased number of hypertensive patients in your area. How will you prepare a project for the same.

A well water of an urban slum under your primary health centre is said to be contaminated with sewage water since past two days. As the medical officer how will you ensure disinfection of the well so as to ensure the residents of the area get safe potable drinking water. What action would you suggest to prevent the well against further contamination

Ramesh, a 40-year-old man has been diagnosed to have pulmonary tuberculosis. His 7-year-old son is brought to you with history of cough. As the medical officer of PHC. a) How would you confirm the diagnosis in the child. b) If diagnosed positive what is the regimen to treat the child. c) If negative, what are the next steps to be taken.

A school teacher reported to the PHC Medical Officer that three children in the 9th standard with a class strength of 40 children have white patches on the skin with loss of sensation. a) What is your probable diagnosis. b) What is the attack rate of this disease. c) Describe the case finding methods. d) List the objectives of multi-drug chemotherapy. e) Describe the standard treatment regimen for children aged 10-14 years.

Krishnan aged 28 years comes to the PHC with sputum positive tuberculosis. How would you categorize and treat him. What advices will you give to his family.

The outreach workers of your Primary Health Centre (PHC) are reporting resistance to COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in a village due to vaccine misinformation by their religious leader. As the medical officer of the PHC how would you plan to ensure vaccine acceptance and build vaccine trust in the local community.

A couple having a child comes for family planning advice from you. What do you advice and mention the advantages and disadvantages of your advised methods.

It was noticed that three children of 1½ years of age presented to a PHC with complaints of swelling on the injection site over lateral aspect of mid-thigh after vaccination. All children took vaccine from the same vaccination session conducted in a subcentre. As a medical officer of the PHC what are the measures you will take to tackle the situation

Rema aged 42 years gave birth to a child who weighted 1.6kg. a) What is this condition of the child called as:- b) What is the classification of the above condition. c) What are the complication that can arise out of this condition d) How will you prevent the occurrence of this condition among babies in India

23 adults and 2 children had sudden vomiting and abdominal colic within 12 hours of consuming food at a marriage party. Describe the steps of investigation and control.

A primary school teacher comes with a student complaining of itching of hands and a history of similar complaints among few other students in her school. As a medical officer what will you do to that student and what advice you give to the teacher.

What is integrated vector management. What is the principle behind it and explain different practical methods for vector management

Reeta, 35 years old lab technician presented with a history of cough and fever of 3 weeks duration. She is a known case of diabetes mellitus. On examination, crepitations are heard in the left apical area. She resides in a near by urban slum area

An educational camp for 250 people is expected to be organized in a village. How do you arrange temporary toilet facility for these people as a medical officer of this area.

Kamala, 10-year-old girl is admitted in a district hospital with weakness of lower limbs. As a district immunization officer / RCH officer. What are the measures you will take at the individual level and community level in this case

A 26 year old female was brought to the casualty with a history of unprovoked stray dog bite with a deep lacerated wound on the right calf region with active bleeding. Her body weight was 50 Kgs. As a Casualty Medical Officer how will you manage this case.

Prepare a diet chart for a lactating woman with a five month old infant from the lower socioeconomic status in an urban slum.

Fever with joint pain is increasing among workers in the rubber plantation. Majority belong to the age group between 35-45 year. What will be the differential diagnosis and what control measures will you take in the area as medical officer of that PHC.

1 or 2 children from each village surrounding the pig-rearing area are reported to have high fever, vomiting and becoming unconscious. Discuss the problem and its management.

Prescribe a therapeutic diet for a 35 year old male software engineer with body weight 85 kg, who has been diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus

A few cases of Acute Gastroenteritis are reported in a Medical College hostel. Discuss the steps in the investigation of the epidemic and the control measures.

There are reports of increasing number of cases of xerophthalmia in your PHC area.

Steps of conducting well water disinfection during an outbreak of gastro enteritis.

Cases of fever with severe joint pains, diagnosed as chikungunya fever, are reported from a ward in a town. Outline the steps you would take to control the disease and prevent spread.

Describe the health problems and indicators for monitoring of air pollution.

There are reports of increased prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among preschool children in your PHC area.

Mrs. Lavanya aged 27 years has just delivered her second female baby in your community health centre. The first female baby is aged 6 years and going to school. a) What advise you will give her regarding family planning. b) Discuss various contraceptive methods used in females.

You are the medical officer of a Primary Health Centre. You have conducted a household survey to study the prevalence of hypertension among adults. It was observed that the prevalence is high and it is found more among the age group of 30-40 years. Obesity and sedentary lifestyle were the major risk factors identified in your study. a) What are the services available to these newly detected patients from PHC. b) What all measures you will take to prevent and control the prevalence.

Write briefly about the epidemiological study design you will suggest to test the effectiveness of a new drug compared to a conventional treatment of a disease.

As the medical officer of a PHC, you are asked to prepare a project to control diabetes in the area. Prepare a project for this.

A case control study was conducted to determine the Association between colon cancer and high fat diet. Discuss the various steps involved in Case Control studies based on the above example

Three cases of diphtheria are reported from your PHC area. How will you treat the above patients and control the situation.

An outbreak of vomiting and diarrhoea was reported in pilgrims returning from pilgrimage at a quarantine sea port. A total of 100 patients were admitted within a span of 3 hours. Enumerate the outbreak investigation plan, its implementation and also write briefly on prevention and control measures for this outbreak.

You are posted as a medical officer to a PHC, covering a population of 20,000. How will you organize and provide health services in the area.

Describe the health problems of the elderly.

Sumitha has delivered a term baby of birth weight 2kg in a PHC. As a medical officer how will you assess the health and provide immediate neonatal care.

35 families were displaced from their households following heavy rain fall and flood to a temporary settlement in a Government LP school. You are the medical officer of the PHC in this area. a) What are the issues related to provision of safe water and hygiene, you would anticipate in this place. b) What are the measures you will suggest to the district health authority to implement in the settlement

An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a religious annual festival. As medical officer you want to investigate the outbreak. Describe in detail regarding steps of investigation of this outbreak.

During the community survey in a tribal area a lot of children below the age of 5 years were screened positive for severe acute malnutrition. The anganwadi worker of the area says the parents are irregular in availing the anganwadi services. Describe the medical and social measures you would suggest to manage this public health problem.

A new extension unit of surgical ward at a hospital has started admitting in patients. What are the measures to be taken to protect the health of hospital waste handlers.

You are posted as a medical officer to a primary health center covering 25000 population. How will you organize and provide health services.

As medical officer what measures will you take to reduce anemia among pregnant women in your area.

A sample of water from a household is tested for inorganic constituents and it is found to have fluoride level of 15mg/L. Comment on the result and explain about health impact of the same and give remedial measures.

As a medical officer how do you prevent and control mosquito borne disease outbreaks in your area.

Mrs. Kusuma, 35-year-old antenatal mother with obstetric score G2P1L1, with 18 weeks’ gestation period is referred from a PHC to Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) of a medical college. Her report comes out positive for HIV. a) What are the services available for her to prevent parent to child transmission. b) What is the line of management at family level.

Disaster preparedness

As a medical officer of a PHC what are the steps that you will take to investigate a outbreak of food poisoning following a village festival.

Community based rehabilitation for Leprosy

Epidemiology of measles

Blocked flea

Design the steps of a Cohort study to be conducted among children to find out risk factors of obesity among them.

Acculturation

Assessment and classification of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age as per the current national programme.

Adverse health impact of climate change

A migrant labourer with HIV may have developed tuberculosis of chest. What problems do you anticipate in the diagnosis and treatment of this case.

Discuss the natural history of disease with a suitable diagram.

Rickettsial zoonoses

Describe the activities and services provided under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).

If there is an outbreak of plague in your PHC area, what measures will you take for control of disease.

Who is an ideal IUD candidate. Enumerate the side effects of IUD.

Suraksha clinic

Roles and responsibilities of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)

Indicators of health

Modes of transmission of infectious diseases

Discuss the home care management of diagnosed Covid-19 patients.

Levels of health care

Migration studies

Self-care in Diabetes management.

Discuss the concept of natural history of disease with suitable example.

Contact tracing in communicable diseases

Ford foundation

List the indicators for monitoring Iodine Deficiency Disorders in a community and the daily recommendations of Iodine for adults and pregnant women.

Types of epidemics with examples for each

A manual labour working at construction presents with irritant cough, dyspnea on exertion and tightness of chest. Chest x-ray showed ground glass opacities: a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Explain the medical measures for prevention of occupational diseases c) Explain engineering the measures to prevent the same among other labourer working over there

Uses of growth chart

Drug resistant tuberculosis

A 35-year-old male, municipality worker visited a camp with productive cough since a month with intermittent fever. He reported evening rise of temperature on most days. His ‘spot sputum sample’ was collected, which on Ziehl-Neelsen stain showed reddish bacilli 2+. A portion of the sample was sent for nucleic acid amplification testing which showed that the micro-organism is present and it is sensitive to ‘Rif.’ a) What is your diagnosis. b) Write the management plan for this individual assuming his weight to be 55 kg. c) What are the advices to be given to reduce further transmission of the disease. d) He lives with 30-year-old wife and two sons aged 9 years and 4 years. How would you ensure that the disease is not spread to these family members. e) Write about immuno-prophylaxis available against the disease

Describe the measures of Mortality.

Social factors influencing health of the people

Indian Red Cross.

Three children in a village reported to the medical officer with history of vomiting and fever since two days.They were 2 years, 5 years and 7 years old. a) What are the differential diagnosis of the cases. b) How will you manage the cases. c) List the steps of investigating this epidemic

Describe the causes and prevention of high infant mortality in India.

Describe the cultural factors influencing health and disease.

Clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and anti-viral therapy in swine flu

The nutritional problems of public health importance in India.

Discuss the causes and prevention of road traffic accidents in India.

Describe the risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Primary level of prevention of hypertension

Network analysis in health management.

Discuss the concept of critical point, screening time and lead time in cancer cervix considering the pap smear as screening test.

Describe the causes, preventive and control measures of Juvenile Delinquency.

Functions of WHO

Incidence and prevalence of a disease

Health problems of the aged

Ismail is a 59 year old person suffering from coronary artery disease. His Body Mass Index (BMI) is 30kg/m2. He is a plumber, working about 20-22 days in a month.He developed the habit of consuming alcohol at the age of 35 years a) How do you classify Body Mass Index b) What are the risk factors that can be modified to promote health c) As a primary health centre Medical officer what are the interventions you will do in your area to reduce the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease.

Occupational hazard

Principles of health education.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)

Enumerate the different types of pneumoconiosis. Discuss the epidemiology of asbestosis.

Epidemiology of RTA

Sanitary well

Describe the measures of validity of a screening test.

List any six important air pollutants and mention their source and adverse effects on health

You are a PHC medical officer. Field workers report to you about 3 cases of watery diarrhea and dehydration, one of which was severe and was referred. As a medical officer, how will you investigate and control the situation. Comment on the Bacterial indicators of drinking water quality

Modes of intervention under primary prevention of disease

Malariometric indices

Discuss in detail about the health problems of the elderly. What is healthy ageing. Add a note on voluntary organizations working for the care of elderly.

Discuss the steps in conducting a RCT to determine the efficacy of a new anti- hypertensive medication.

Fluctuations in time distribution of disease

Preventive health care in the elderly

Employees State Insurance.

Define health education. Discuss the principles of health education. List the barriers to communication.

COVID 19 vaccine

If there is an outbreak of Covid-19 viral disease in your primary health centre area, what measures will you take for the control of this disease.

Describe the integrated vector control measures against mosquitoes.

Health problems of the elderly people

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

Discuss briefly the health problems of adolescents.

An HIV positive mother has delivered a newborn. Discuss the steps in prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV.

Functions of UNICEF

Risk factors of Non Communicable diseases

Disease carrier

Explain Intensified Mission Indradhanush vaccination campaign under the following a) Purpose of the campaign b) Beneficiaries c) Campaign sites for effective coverage (1+1+2)

Measures to control blindness in India.

Epidemiology of leptospirosis

Pavitra is a 18 month old child presenting with symptoms of cough, fever and wheeze since 5 days. On examination she has a respiratory rate of 58/min, chest indrawning. She was irritable and restless a) What is Pavitra suffering from b) What is the major highlights of the Indian Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) c) What are preventive vaccines given to the children for protection from respiratory disease

Risk factors and prevention and control of hypertension

Early warning signs (Danger signals) of cancer

Enumerate the sources of health information in India. Discuss briefly the methodology of conducting census in India.

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

Pearl index

Classification and prevention of protein energy malnutrition.

Integrated Vector Control Management.

Describe the concept of web of causation in relation to coronary heart disease. Discuss the suitable measures of prevention and control with reference to risk factors

Beneficiary and benefits of Integrated Child Development Service scheme

Pentavalent vaccine

A primigravid mother at 4 months of amenorrhea has Hemoglobin of 9 g/dL. How would you manage the situation

List the criteria for inclusion of drugs as essential medicines.

Indicators of mortality

Assessment of dietary intake

‘Rule of halves’ in Hypertension.

Define biomedical waste. List the sources of biomedical waste. Discuss the role of personal protective devices while handling biomedical waste

Disease Surveillance

Discuss the syndromic approach to treat sexually transmitted diseases.

Discuss the principles of health education.

Mass drug administration in filariasis

Describe the steps of planning cycle with suitable example.

The weight for age z scores of three out of twenty children attending an Anganwadi Centre is -3.1. Discuss the steps to be taken in the management of these children.

Behavioral change communication

Mosquito control measures- methods with examples

Define Primary Health Care. List the principles and components of Primary Health Care.

Screening for cancer cervix

Cultural factors in health and disease

Effects of noise exposure

Classify and list the health problems of the elderly

Levels of prevention of a disease

Sustainable development goals.

Vision 2020: The right to Sight

Gantt Chart

National programme for control of blindness

Histogram

Role and methods of early diagnosis in genetic diseases

As medical officer of PHC, you are required to organize health education programs for primordial prevention of diabetes mellitus. How will you apply principles of health education in the health education program

Concept of lead time in screening

Screening for breast cancer

Enumerate hazards of smoking, add a note on the provisions under COTPA (Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act)

Theories of disease causation

Prevention and control of air pollution

Vision 2020.

Classify epidemiological study designs. Describe the advantages of randomization in an experimental study

Sources of health data

Role of fats in disease.

Salient features of revised national tuberculosis control programme

Social security schemes for the elderly

Prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV.

Describe immediate newborn care.

Triage

Syndromic management of genital ulcers at STI clinic

Short term fluctuation of diseases

Levels of prevention and modes of intervention for a disease or health event

Triage in disaster management.

National Leprosy eradication programme

Epidemiological triad

Social security

Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) management techniques

Iodine deficiency disorder

Role of Triage in disaster management.

Differentiate between Active and passive immunization

Prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.

Prevention of genetic disorders

Differentiate between ‘Physical quality of life index’ and ‘Human development index’

Explain the criteria of causation with suitable examples

Differentiate between Shallow well and deep well

Differentiate between First, second and third generation intra uterine contraceptive devices

A male trucker presents with history of urethral discharge, explain the syndromic management of Urethral discharge

Differentiate between Elimination and Eradication of disease

Differentiate between Food fortification and Food enrichment

Differentiate between Road Traffic Accidents and Domestic accidents.

Discuss the Vitamin A prophylaxis program. List the sources of vitamin A in an Indian diet.

Differentiate between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

Services provided under school health service.

Discuss the measures of central tendency.

Differentiate between Stillbirth rate and perinatal mortality rate

Differentiate between Lead time and screening time

Disaster mitigation.

Important provisions in tobacco control legislations in India.

Differentiate between Man-made and Natural disaster.

Differentiate between Prospective and Retrospective genetic counselling

Indicators to monitor and evaluate RCH Programme.

Differentiate between Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

Differentiate between Relative risk and attributable risk

Sentinel surveillance

Differentiate between Preplacement examination and Periodical examination.

Juvenile delinquency.

Differentiate between Emerging and Re-emerging diseases

Differentiate between Accessibility and affordability in primary health care

Differentiate between Health education and Counseling

Community diagnosis.

Differentiate between Panel discussion and Symposium

Discuss the integrated vector control management, add a note on the various vector control tools used for malaria

Differentiate between Neurolathyrism and aflatoxicosis

Write in brief about rule of halves in hypertension

Control of vitamin A deficiency disorders.

Differentiate between Positive Eugenics & Negative Eugenics.

Differentiate between Measles and Rubella.

Differentiate between Incidence and Prevalence

Treatment of resistant malaria.

Describe the socio-economic determinants of health.

Differentiate between Demographic gap and demographic transition.

Advantages and contraindications of intrauterine devices.

Differentiate between Pre-placement examination and periodic examination in occupational health

Differentiate between High risk strategy and Mass prevention strategy in primary prevention of Non- Communicable diseases.

Differentiate between Sub-clinical cases and Carriers

Describe the health problems of adolescent girls.

Differentiate between Small pox and chicken pox

Differentiate between Slow and rapid sand filters

Differentiate between Haem iron and non-haem iron

National mental health program

Differentiate between Pauci Bacillary and Multi Bacillary leprosy.

Differentiate between Eruptive phase between chickenpox and measles

Indicators of quality of life.

Differentiate between Inactivated Polio vaccine and Oral Polio vaccine.

Differentiate between Mass treatment and selective treatment

Differentiate between Disinfection and Sterilization

Differentiate between Food fortification and Food supplementation

Write in brief about Adverse events following immunization

Differentiate between Breast milk and cow milk

Explain steps in health planning with the help of ‘planning cycle.’

Environmental control of mosquitoes.

Differentiate between Randomization and Blinding

Differentiate between Social assistance and Social insurance

Differentiate between Natural Hazards and man-made disasters

List the stages in demographic cycle. Discuss birth and death registration in India

Differentiate between Food adulteration and Food fortification

Health problems of elderly.

Discuss sampling methods.

Differentiate between Weight for height and weight for age

Differentiate between Disease elimination and disease eradication

Differentiate between Adolescent health care and geriatric health care

Differentiate between Monitoring and Evaluation.

Differentiate between Natural ventilation and Mechanical ventilation

Differentiate between Quarantine and Isolation for an infectious disease

Health and Wellness Centre.

Differentiate between Disaster preparedness and disaster mitigation

Differentiate between Stillbirth rate and Perinatal death rate

Anemia Mukth Bharat

Differentiate between Health education and propaganda

Differentiate between Primary level and Secondary level prevention.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for "DASH ( Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) eating plan to be advised to hypertensive patients.

Role of mass media in health education.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Appropriate management of health care waste is crucial component of environmental health protection

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Chronic non communicable diseases are assuming increasing importance among adult population in both developed and developing countries.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Cultural factors play an important role in disease causation

Classification and disposal of biomedical waste in India.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for India can learn from the state of Kerala which can also be considered a yardstick for judging health status in the country

Define bias, explain the various types of bias with suitable examples

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Egg protein is considered as reference protein

Substantiate your answer with reasons for “Active aging” is necessary in the Kerala scenario now

Write in brief about the disaster cycle, add a note on disaster mitigation

Iceberg phenomenon.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Maintenance of cold chain is extremely important for a successful vaccination campaign.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Fractional IPV reduces the risk of polio disease on exposure to type 2 polio virus

Substantiate your answer with reasons for The screening for Breast cancer has a favourable effect on mortality from Breast cancer. Justify.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Better Immunisation coverage reduces infant mortality

Advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptive pills.

Enlist the disease criteria for screening.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for BCG vaccination is essential in India

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Special immunization campaigns like Mission Indradhanush are needed for achieving full immunization coverage among infants.

Role of voluntary organizations in health care.

Describe the measures of fertility.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Life skills education in schools is essential for mental health of the child and academic performance.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Health education is the vaccine for prevention of road traffic injuries.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Hypertension is an example of iceberg phenomenon of disease.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Reducing out of pocket spending on health care is key to ensure universal health coverage

Measures of Obesity.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Accidents are a complex phenomenon of multiple causation. Justify.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Sanitary latrine to prevent faeco-oral transmission of diseases

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Diabetes is an Iceberg of disease

Medical Terminations of Pregnancy Act

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Vitamin A prophylaxis during Measles rubella (MR) vaccination

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is an example of appropriate technology under primary health care.

Substantiate your answer with reasons Sometimes diagnosis of silicosis and tuberculosis becomes difficult

List the steps of conducting a cohort study.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Mental health problem is comparatively more prevalent in Urban area

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Alcoholism is world- wide social and medical problem.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Besides technical competence, a doctor must know how to communicate with his patients

Give two examples of an emerging disease.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for A proper waste management in a hospital can reduce hospital acquired infections.

Define food fortification and give suitable examples

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Free residual chlorine should be 0.5 mg/L at the end of chlorination of water

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Breast milk is the ideal food for babies till six months of age

Write briefly about the functions of WHO

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Oral contraceptive pills are generally not prescribed to women over 40 years of age

Substantiate your answer with reasons for India is in the late expanding stage of demographic cycle

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Incineration -the method of choice for the most hazardous health-care waste. Justify.

What is fiduciary duty and how is it applicable to doctors. What are the penalties a doctor can be given in case of breach of fiduciary duty. State with an example.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Physical quality of life index is a better indicator of quality of life

Any two functions of WHO.

List any two factors used to measure social differentiation.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for The principles of primary health care must be adhered to

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Couples should be counselled to facilitate them to decide the ideal contraceptive of their choice.

Any two conditions for medical termination of pregnancy.

Goal of expenditure on health care as percentage of GDP to be achieved by 2025.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Oral contraceptives are avoided in a breast cancer patient.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Weekly and not daily iron and folic acid supplementation for adolescents under anemia mukht bharat.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Problem families lag behind the rest of the community

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Verbal autopsy is an important measure to reduce infant deaths in the community

The modes of transmission of leprosy.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Universal precaution reduces hospital acquired infections.

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Iodization of salt

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Lead time is an advantage in prevention of non-communicable diseases

Define and list two examples each of emerging and reemerging diseases

Substantiate your answer with reasons for In network analysis, critical path method is considered as largest path of the net work List the following:

Substantiate your answer with reasons for Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is the key personal in various National health programme.

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme(RNTCP) endorsed TB diagnostics.

Mention any two criteria for judging causality of disease.

Modifiable risk factors of NCDs

Categories of biomedical waste-2016

Uses of descriptive epidemiology

Components of PQLI.

Different components of rehabilitation

Application of Kalamazoo consensus statement in doctor patient communication

The steps of the planning cycle

Enumerate rickettsial disease and their vectors

An example of a disease with a high case fatality rate.

Steps in rapid sand filtration

Qualities in doctor-patient relationship

Any two indicators of obesity.

What is general fertility rate.

Steps in disaster management

High risk antenatal mothers under “Risk approach for Maternal and child health”

Any two functions of UNICEF.

SDG target for ending the epidemic of TB.

Assessment of obesity

Segregation of biomedical waste using different colour codes

Diseases transmitted by Mites

Contraindications for a Live attenuated vaccine

What is the current population growth rate of India.

List the National Health Programmes in India

Uses of epidemiology

Dimension of health

Tracking of blood pressure

Sources of health information

Medical benefits to insured persons under Employee State Insurance (ESI) Act.

Mention any two differences between prospective and retrospective genetic counselling.

Voluntary health agencies

List the benefits under ESI ACT

Causes of infant mortality

Relationship between incidence and prevalence.

Cold chain equipment used in the universal immunization programme

Write in brief about lead time

Biological effects of radiation

Functions of non-government organizations (NGOs) in health

Write in brief about Cancer registries

Nutritive value of an egg.

Four public health nutritional problems in India

Advantages of exclusive breast feeding in babies

Types of Communication.

Sickness benefit in the Employees State Insurance Act.

Third generation IUD

Any two tests of pasteurization of milk.

Enlist any two methods for removal of temporary hardness of water.

List four live vaccine preventable diseases

Types of family.

Any two warning signs of cancer.

Name a worldwide international health agency.

Obstetric care in RCH phase II

Occupational hazards among agricultural workers.

Components of Essential Obstetric care

Any two causes of anemia in women and children.

Methods of solid waste disposal

Fertility related statistics

Identify and discuss physician’s role and responsibility to society and the community that she/he serves

Symptoms of drug addiction.

Screening tests for diabetes mellitus

Mention any two measures of central tendency.

Infections causing Diarrheal diseases

Recommendations of Bhore committee

E.coli count allowable in drinking water.

Indices of thermal comfort

Benefits to employee in the ESI Act

Indicators of physical quality of life index

Government health care delivery institutions from village to district level

The concept of fiduciary duty in medicine

Give one disadvantage of lecture.

Benefits under the ESI scheme

Trans fatty acids

Social security measures for old age

Any two human factors in accident causation.

What is social institution.

Strategies for polio eradication in India

Any two differences between measles and chickenpox.

Types of PHC’s according to IPHS standards.

Safety measures to prevent road accidents

Services provided for the pregnant woman under RCH program

Methods to remove hardness of water

Define an urban area as per census in India.

Elements of primary health care

Methods of nutritional assessment

Side effects of intra uterine contraceptive devices

Conditions under which pregnancy can be terminated as per the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act. 1971

Mention any two differences between isolation and quarantine.

Medical measures to prevent occupational disease

Steps in investigation of an epidemic

An example for a Social organization.

Biomedical waste items to be segregated and collected in ‘yellow’ bags

Discuss the role of a family in health and disease

Nutritional status assessment methods in children.

Categorisation of Biomedical waste in India.

What is Vaccine derived polio virus (VDPV), explain the types of VDPV

An example of a disease requiring periodic health examination among workers.

Levels of prevention

Diseases transmitted by soft tick

General steps of Evaluation of Health Services.

Measure of central tendency

Types of epidemics

Any two quantitative methods of management.

Define impairment.

Types of carriers in cholera

Nutritional assessment methods.

Any two advantages of breastfeeding.

Panchayat Raj System at the village level.

Components of a disaster cycle

Barriers for health communication.

Sanitation barriers for transmission of faecal-borne diseases

Types of network analysis.

Dimensions of health

Ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency

Vaccine vial monitor

Morbidity indicators

Cold chain equipments present in a primary health centre.

Enlist the advantages of CuT (copper T)

Mention any two types of carriers.

Types of communications

Role of ASHA

Indices of air pollution

Define incidence

Measures of dispersion as used in statistics

Explain eugenics and euthenics with suitable examples

Non contraceptive health benefits of hormonal oral contraceptive pill

List four international health agencies

Write in brief about HIV sentinel surveillance

Difference between Rate and Proportion.

Types of genetic counselling

Cold chain equipment’s available in PHC

Epidemiological determinants for obesity.

Hazards prevention and control of air pollution.

Any two job responsibilities of health worker female.

What is confounding factor.

List four international health organizations

Mosquito control measures.

Rule of halves is associated with…….

An example for Cost effective analysis.

Steps in planning cycle

Conditional cash transfer schemes for pregnant mothers under National health mission.

Benefits of ESI

Essential requirements of a First Referral Unit (FRU) for maternal and child health care

An example for group discussion as health education method.

Environmental risk factors for diabetes.

Diseases transmitted by aedes mosquito

List the levels of health care delivery with examples

Functions of United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

Mention any two differences between net reproduction rate and gross reproduction rate.

Two examples of measures of dispersion.

List the measures of Central Tendency.

Any two signs and symptoms of leptospirosis.

List the medicines used to treat multidrug resistant tuberculosis.

Define eligible couple.

Differentiate between objective and target.

Importance of lead time in screening.

An example for fomite transmitted disease.

The period allowed for birth and death registration in India.

Any two components of a disaster cycle.

Common manifestations of riboflavin deficiency, any two.

Any two national health programs related to nutrition.

Common side effects of Pentavalent vaccine.

Any two contraindications for measles vaccine.

Mention any two methods of group health education.

Flight range of Aedes mosquitoes.

Who is an eligible couple.

Any two differences between cost benefit and cost-effective analysis.

__________________ is the food toxin that causes endemic ascites.

Any two causes of avoidable blindness in India.

Cut offs for fast breathing in a child aged 18 months.

Any two types of carriers in typhoid.

Mention any two millennium development goals related to health.

Maternity benefit in the ESI Act.

Disinfection of waste sharps.

Any two differences between Salk and Sabin vaccines.

This symbol signifies __________________

Write the intradermal vaccine schedule for rabies post exposure prophylaxis.

List the environmental health measures for rehabilitation after a disaster.

Any two most common cause of Cancers in India.

Particles _______in size reaches the alveoli and get deposited causing damage to the lungs, producing various types of pneumoconiosis a) 0.5μ - 3μ b) > 10μ c) 5μ – 10μ d) <0.1μ

The number of daughters a new born girl will bear during her life time assuming fixed age specific fertility and mortality rate, refers to which one of the following a) Age specific fertility rate c) Net reproduction rate b) Gross reproduction rate d) Total fertility rate

All the following are true regarding BCG vaccine except a) Diluent used is Normal saline c) Needs to be repeated if scar is not present b) The strain used is Danish 1331 d) Newborns are given 0.05ml

The following consideration is NOT required to be taken while doing a screening programme a) The disease should be a public health problem b) The disease should be vaccine preventable c) There should be an acceptable and effective treatment d) Facilities for confirming the diagnosis and for treatment should be available.

The killing power of a disease is best expressed by a) Case fatality rate c) Secondary attack rate b) Attack rate d) Proportional mortality rate

After finishing 28-pill packet of Oral Contraceptive Pills next packet should be started on: a) Very next day c) Day 5 of menstruation b) Day 2 of menstruation d) Day 7 of menstruation

In a day care centre a child was having measles. In the centre the children between the ages of 9-12 months can be protected against measles with measles vaccine, provided that this is given with in a) 1 day of exposure b) 3 days of exposure c) 5 days of exposure d) 7 days of exposure

Supplementary Nutrition under ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services is given to all the following EXCEPT a) Children below 6 years c) Lactating Mother b) Pregnant d) Women (15-45 years)

After an epidemic of measles in a village near Taxilla, 2 children reported with history of weight loss and blindness, from corneal scarring. The most likely cause of this complication is deficiency of: a) Vitamin K b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin C

Classical triad of Congenital rubella syndrome includes all the following except a) Deafness b) Hydrocephalus c) Cataract d) Congenital heart disease

An example of a live attenuated vaccine is a) Hepatitis B b) Pertussis c) Measles d) Diphtheria

The duration of electricity supply required in a day to keep the vaccines effective in an ice-lines refrigerator (ILR) is a) 4 hours b) 10 hours c) 8 hours d) 2 hours

Fish fat is a dietary source of a) Vitamin E b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin B₁

Water pump in broad street in London was identified as the source of cholera by a) William Farr b) John Snow c) John Grunt d) Hippocrates

Interruption of transmission of disease a) Elimination b) Control c) Eradication d) Extermination

Health of travelers is related to the term a) Ergonomics b) Emporiatrics c) Eugenics d) Euthenics

An example of behavioral disorder is a) Hypertension b) Duodenal ulcer c) Aggressiveness d) Coronary artery disease

An example for public private partnership in health and disease control a) Viral Hepatitis A c) Hookworm infestation b) Pulse polio program d) Plague

The process of sorting out victims of disaster on a priority base is a) Rescue b) Response c) Triage d) Mitigation

The regional office of WHO (SE Asia) is located at a) Delhi b) Nagpur c) Hyderabad d) Haryana