Pediatrics Previous Year Question Papers

Drug used to treat autonomic storm in scorpion sting a) Nitroprusside b) Enalapril c) Adrenaline d) Prazosin

In Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) at birth, Initial steps includes all EXCEPT a) Warm the baby b) Dry the baby c) Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) d) Suctioning mouth and nose

Most common cause of meningitis in 2 months old infant a) E. Coli b) Streptococcus pneumoniae c) Neisseria meningitidis d) Hemophilus influenza

Drug used in treatment of hyperkalemia (Sr K+ more than 7meq/L) a) Sodium bicarbonate b) IV Frusemide c) Insulin & Glucose d) IV Calcium gluconate

Neonatal Hypothermia is defined as Temperature below a) 36.50C b) 360C c) 370C d) 37.50C

Drug of choice for prophylaxis of UTI in 3-6 months of life a) Cephalexin b) Amoxicillin c) Nitrofurantoin d) Cotrimoxazole

“Egg on side” shape of heart shadow in X Ray chest is seen in a) TOF b) Tricuspid Atresia c) TGA d) Truncus Arteriosus

All are Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) EXCEPT a) VSD b) Ebstein's Anomaly c) ASD d) PDA

The gold standard for diagnosis of enteric fever in first week a) Blood culture b) Stool culture c) Urine culture d) Complete hemogram

The causes of pathological short stature include all the following except a) Turner’s Syndrome b) Crohn’s disease c) Chronic Kidney disease d) Constitutional delay of Growth and Puberty

According to IMNCI Severe Pneumonia Control Programme, signs and symptoms are all EXCEPT a) Decreased activity b) Convulsions / Lethargy c) Peripheral Cyanosis d) Active Child

A baby presented with facial puffiness diagnosed as first episode of nephrotic syndrome, in this steroid as a continuous therapy given for a) 4 weeks b) 6 weeks c) 8 weeks d) 2 weeks

CSF analysis showing marked low sugar, high protein and increased neutrophils is seen in a) Viral Meningitis b) TB Meningitis c) Fungal Meningitis d) Pyogenic Meningitis

Define and Classify Shock, Discuss Pathogenesis and Management of Hypovolemic Shock.

How will you prepare for Resuscitation of a new born baby. Discuss the steps of Resuscitation of a new born baby at Birth.

A 2 year old girl with weight 5.5 kgs, height 73 cms and MAC of 10cms presented with bilateral pedal odema. What is the probable diagnosis and what are the other clinical features of it? What are the complications expected in this child? How will you manage this child?

Discuss Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features and Management of Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Mention the long term Complications.

What are the causes of Diarrhoea in Children, how will you assess Dehydration and write Plan-C for severe dehydration in a child 2 years weighing 10 kgs.

New-born baby of gestational age 32weeks developed respiratory distress on the first day of life. What is your differential diagnosis? Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Hyaline Membrane Disease.

Vitamin A Deficiency - Clinical features and Management.

Clinical features and complications of Enteric Fever.

Discuss Haemorrhagic Disease of New-born.

Complications in a Low Birth Weight baby.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

SMR staging in boys.

Definition and management of Status Epilepticus.

How will you measure the diameter of Anterior Fontanelle. Describe the clinical significance of examining Anterior Fontanelle of a child.

Advantages of Human milk.

Clinical features of Acute Asthma and Management of Status Asthmaticus.

Clinical and radiological features of Rickets.

Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Kawasaki Disease.

Clinical features and Management of Acute Bronchiolitis.

Rapid diagnostic tests in Tubercular Meningitis.

Febrile Seizures.

Discuss clinical features and management of Congenital hypothyroidism.

Prognostic features and Treatment of ALL.

Clinical features and lab diagnosis of Leukaemia.

Gross motor development of three-year-old child.

Treatment of Cyanotic spell.

How will you ensure adequacy of Breast Milk Secretion.

Advantages of human breast milk.

Constitutional growth delay and familial short stature.

Enumerate the causes of splenomegaly in children

Black water fever.

Differential diagnosis for continuous Murmur.

Vitamin A supplementation in Children.

Klumpke's Paralysis.

Prevention of Rh Incompatibility.

Measles Vaccine.

Contra indications for Lumbar Puncture.

Radiological changes in Rickets

Define Perinatal Mortality and Write three causes.

Side effects of DPT vaccination.

Dose, route and schedule of HPV vaccine in children.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Breath holding Spells

Write the various causes of generalized anasarca in children. How will you investigate such a child?

DPT Vaccines

Developmental milestones in one year old child

Modified Jones criteria for Rheumatic fever

WHO Growth Chart

X-ray findings in rickets

Hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis

Hypothermia in newborn baby

Four causes of microcephaly

Kangaroo mother care.

Pica.

Management of Cerebral Malaria.

Erb’s palsy.

Nadas criteria

BCG Vaccine.

Temper Tantrum

Treatment of scorpion sting.

Causes of Hyponatremia.

Define Hypokalemia and mention two causes.

Definition of prematurity, LBW and SGA

Patterns of growth in children.

A 5 yrs old child presents with bloody stools. Mention three causative organisms

APGAR score in Newborn births.

Adverse Events Following Immunization.

Red flag signs in Child Development

Advantages of breast milk.

Mention the dose, route and schedule of administration of BCG vaccine

Clinical features of dehydration in diarrhoea.

Inactivated Polio vaccine.

Complications of blood transfusion.

Screening, investigation and treatment of Cretinism

Management of a baby born to Hepatitis B positive mother

Causes of stridor in a 3 year old child.

X linked disorders.

Peripheral smear in Iron deficiency Anemia

Short note on ways to prevent bleeding in a school boy with hemophilia

Clinical features of Hypocalcemia.

Investigations in 8 years old girl with first episode of urinary tract infection.

Moro’s reflex.

Clinical features of Congenital Hypothyroidism.

Importance of genital examination in newborns.

Principles of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI)

Mention three drugs used in management of congestive cardiac failure in children

Infective endocarditis prophylaxis.

Causes for neonatal seizures

Developmental milestones in a 9months old child.

List the various types of shock with examples.

Progressive primary complex

Sources of heat loss in a newborn.

Radiological features of scurvy.

Investigations for diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis

What are the superficial infections in Newborn Baby?

Name three drugs used in the management of acute severe Asthma

Pharmacological management of acute congestive cardiac failure

Laboratory diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism.

Measles.

Common rheumatological conditions seen in children.

Complications of Malaria

Features of Nephrotic syndrome.

APGAR score.

Plan C for dehydration.

Steps of Warm Chain

Mention any three causes of respiratory distress in neonates

Iron chelation therapy.

Hypokalemia.

Bronchodilator drugs.

Causes of Macrocephaly.

Laboratory diagnosis of Megaloblastic anaemia.

Classification of Cerebral Palsy

List the types of shock in children.

Pneumococcal vaccines.

Disease modifying agents in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Complications of Tetralogy of Fallots

Composition of low osmolarity ORS

Low Osmolar WHO ORS.

Peripheral smear findings in a child with Thalassemia.

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in tubercular meningitis.

Clinical features of Hemophilia.

Glomerular causes of hematuria in children.

Difference between Physiological and Pathological Neonatal Jaundice

List the signs of Congenital Hypothyroidism.

Pseudotumour cerebri.

Clinical features of birth asphyxia.

Stages in Hepatic encephalopathy

List three causes of pathological short stature

Capillary filling time.

Pharmacological management of acute severe asthma

Reference protein.

Beneficiaries of ICDS programme.

Scorpion Sting treatment

Physiological variants of skin in newborn

Peripheral smear in Beta Thalassaemia.

CSF study in pyogenic meningitis.

Differences between Primary and Post Primary Tuberculosis

List three complications of acute watery diarrhea

Severe dengue.

Contraindications for DPT vaccine.

Oral chelation therapy.

Nocturnal enuresis.

Investigations in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Paracetamol.

Causes of Hydrocephalous

Investigation and treatment of Kerosene poisoning.

New treatment regimens for drug sensitive TB.

Benefits of human breast milk.

Laboratory investigations for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Large anterior fontanelle.

Prophylaxis in children with acute Rheumatic Fever.

Complications of Acute Renal Failure

Cerebro spinal fluid findings in a child with Pyrogenic meningitis.

HIV transmission in children.

Congenital hypothyroidism.

Complimentary feeding.

Mission Indradhanush.

Down Syndrome.

Croup.

Complications of measles.

WHO criteria for diagnosis of SAM. Describe short term complications.

Etiopathogenesis and clinical features of Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF).

Define the WHO classification of under nutrition types. Illustrate the ten steps management of SAM

Pubertal changes in a male child.

ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) program.

Growth charts

A 3 year old child presents with global developmental delay with poor scholastic performance a) Define Development b) List the causes of delayed development in a child

Management of status asthmaticus.

Physiological and pathological neonatal jaundice.

Infant Mortality rate.

Hydrocephalus.

2 year old female child is referred by an Anganawadi worker with complaints of not gaining weight. On examination, weight for height was less than 3 SD and mid upper arm circumference less than 11.5 cms. Discuss the steps of management in this child.

How will one treat a child with generalized convulsion in continuing in emergency?

A 10 months old unimmunized child is brought to the OPD with fever for 4 days followed by rash, cough and coryza. Baby is also tachypneic and has rales. a) What is the most probable diagnosis? b) What are the complications and preventive steps for this clinical condition?

Kerosene poisoning.

Pathologic jaundice among neonates.

What are the types of Vaccines? Discuss MMR vaccine.

A 10-year-old child is brought to the emergency with progressive weakness of the lower limbs since 3 days. a) What is acute flaccid paralysis? b) Describe any three-differential diagnosis of AFP

Neonatal resuscitation.

Gestational age assessment in newborn.

Complementary feeding.

Define Short Stature. Describe common causes of proportionate and disproportionate short stature

A 5 years old child with a body weight of 18 kgs is brought to the Emergency Room with loose stools, decreased urine output and lethargy. • What is your diagnosis and discuss the plan of treatment.

Strategies to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV.

Management of hepatic encephalopathy.

Clinical features and management of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Briefly write the clinical features and investigations of tubercular meningitis

Investigations in a child with short stature.

Laboratory diagnosis of malaria.

Neonatal convulsions.

Vitamin A deficiency as per WHO guidelines.

Clinical features and treatment of congestive heart failure in infancy

Discuss the principles in the management of heart failure in children.

Role of Zinc in paediatrics.

Polio immunization in India.

Aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and complications of Bronchiolitis

Describe the clinical and investigation approach to confirm the diagnosis of portal hypertension?

Clinical features, investigation and treatment of Henoch Schonlein Purpura.

Investigation and treatment of Iron deficiency anaemia in a 2 years old child.

Clinical features of Down syndrome.

Clinical and radiological features of Vit-D deficiency.

Define obesity and overweight in adolescents, as per WHO guidelines.

Describe motor milestones from Birth to two year of life (Fine and Gross)

What are Neural Tube defects? Discuss the various types of Neural Tube defects.

Investigations and treatment of acute pyogenic meningitis.

Macrocytic anemia.

Clinical features and management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Describe the clinical features of nutritional rickets. Explain using a diagram the radiological features of rickets.

Investigations and treatment of initial episode of Nephrotic Syndrome.

Types of short stature with examples.

Management of Cyanotic spells in Fallot’s Tetralogy.

A 5 day old male baby is brought with jaundice up to palms and soles. Discuss the etiology and management of this baby.

Describe clinical features of down syndrome. Discuss the risk of recurrence in siblings

Prophylactic and Therapeutic doses of Vitamin A Supplementation.

Explain with the help of a diagram the haemodynamics of PDA.

Investigations and treatment of Acute Glomerulonephritis

Define Persistant Diarrhoea. Mention dietary algorithm for treatment of Persistant Diarrhoea.

Causes of seizures in a 3-day old neonate. How will you manage the seizures in this baby?

IMNCI for a child with acute diarrhoea.

Definition of febrile seizures and describe types of febrile seizure.

IMNCI approach and classification of acute diarrhoea.

Causes of respiratory distress in a three day old neonate.

Treatment of Hyperkalemia

Management of Status Epilepticus in children.

Post resuscitative measures in Birth asphyxia.

Medical management of Tetralogy of Fallot’s cyanotic spells.

Pathophysiology and management of Status Epilepticus

Describe and interpret the investigations for a child suspected to have Beta Thalassemia Major

IYCF guidelines.

Medical management of congestive cardiac failure.

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

Causes of Portal hypertension in children.

Describe the IMNCI plan B for acute diarrhoea

National Immunization Schedule.

Status epilepticus definition and treatment.

Jones criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever. Primary and Secondary Prevention of Rheumatic Fever

Classify anemia and write a short note on investigation of Megaloblastic anemia?

Acute viral hepatitis.

Investigations and treatment of a child with first episode of Nephrotic syndrome.

Investigations and treatment for first episode of urinary tract infection.

Hyaline membrane disease.

Clinical features and management of raised Intracranial Tension

Sexual maturity rating.

Primary complex.

Clinical features and management of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Diagnosis and types of febrile seizures.

General principles in IMNCI.

Definition of febrile seizures and types of febrile seizure.

Ventricular septal defect: Clinical features, investigations and treatment.

Differential diagnosis, investigations and treatment of Croup

Ascariasis.

Clinical features and problems of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Baby

Clinical features, investigations and treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Croup syndrome.

Investigations and oral treatment of Iron deficiency anemia.

Describe the factors influencing growth. Illustrate the composition of a balanced diet by a food pyramid.

A 2 years old female child was brought to the Emergency Room (ER) with history of fever, altered sensorium and convulsions. On examination child was drowsy, with neck stiffness. Lumbar puncture revealed plenty of pus cells (HPF), predominantly. a) Identify the most likely diagnosis and etiology. b) Describe the management for this child

Aetiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of thalassemia major

15 yrs old adolescent female is admitted with history of fever for 2 weeks, productive cough and underweight with family history of contact with Koch’s a) List the clinical types b) Discuss the investigations and treatment of tuberculosis in paediatric age group

What are the causes of Proteinuria? Discuss clinical features, investigations and treatment of the most likely diagnosis in a 2 year old male child with gross anasarca, oliguria and massive proteinuria.

Tabulate normal essential milestones attained in all four domains of development assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Explain most likely causes for speech delay and isolated gross motor delay.

Mention the factors that affect the Growth. What are the developmental mile stones seen from birth to one year of life?

5-year-old female child presented with pain in multiple -joints, initially the knee joint followed by ankle and then the wrist for 1 week duration each. On examination child is- afebrile HR-120/min, local examination- arthritis of right wrist. CVS- Apex, left 5th ICS, Pansystolic murmur in mitral area. On probing, history of sore throat 3 weeks back given by the mother. a) What is the most probable diagnosis? b) State the criteria to diagnose the same c) How will you manage this child?

Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of a 10yrs old child with acute rheumatic fever. Add a short note on complications of acute rheumatic fever

Assessment and screening of a normal newborn after birth.

Explain how to calculate expected height and weight for a 2 year old healthy child. Explain pattern of head circumference increase. Describe the origin, purpose and how to use WHO growth charts for children.

Describe investigations, treatment and complications of Nephrotic syndrome.

A 15 years old adolescent boy is brought the Emergency room with cough, hurried breathing and difficulty in speaking. On examination he had bilateral rhonchi and a saturation of 88%. He is on long term treatment for the above condition. a) What is the probable diagnosis? b) Mention the pathogenesis and the steps in the management of the above condition.

Aetiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of Urinary Tract Infection

One year old child is brought to the OPD with complaints of decreased activity and on and off respiratory infections since 3 months with family history of blood transfusion. On examination, child looks very pale, and has hepatosplenomegaly. a) Write the probable diagnosis. b) Describe the investigations necessary for this child c) Elaborate on management of this clinical condition.

List WHO criteria to diagnose severe acute malnutrition. Describe complications of SAM. Describe the immediate treatment of SAM in health care facility.

State the WHO criteria for severe acute malnutrition. Describe the management in the first week of SAM.

What are the advantages and problems of Breast feeding? Hazards and demerits of artificial feeding.

A 10 month old unimmunized child presents with fever, cold and cough of 5 days duration. He developed a maculopapular rash starting on day 4 of fever which started on face and progressed to involve the entire body a) List the viruses causing maculopapular rash b) Describe the clinical features of Measles c) Complications and management of measles

Define growth and development. Discuss factors affecting growth and development.

Tabulate gross motor and fine motor milestones till 5 years of age. Discuss causes of global developmental delay.

A two year old child weighs 5kg with bilateral pedal edema. What is the most likely diagnosis as per WHO classification? Describe the ten steps in the initial management of this child.

Pentavalent vaccine

Torsion testes

WHO classification of vitamin A deficiency

Draw and label Radiological features of Rickets.

Draw and label Fetal circulation

An 18-month old baby is brought to casualty with history of cough, breathing difficulty and poor feeding of three days duration. His weight is 6.5 kg, mid-upper arm circumference 9 cm and has bilateral pedal edema. His respiratory rate is 62/mt and has lower chest in drawing a) Give the probable diagnosis b) Enumerate the points from history and examination to substantiate this diagnosis c) List six complications of this condition d) Describe the step wise management with an illustration of time frame e) Describe the importance of mid-upper arm circumference

A two-year-old male child presented with bilateral pedal edema. His weight is 5 kg, height 75cm and mid upper arm circumference 11cm. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) What are the complications expected c) How will you manage this child

A 2-year-old male is brought to the Emergency room (ER) with history of fever and cough for 3 days followed by puffiness of face, more in the morning hours as soon as getting up from sleep, abdominal distension and reduced urine output. No past history of similar illness a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Mention the criteria to diagnose the above clinical condition c) Enumerate the investigations with expected findings d) Describe the management of the child e) List four complication of the condition f) Enumerate the advices you will give at discharge

Five-year-old child Geethu has history of recurrent blood transfusions from the age of 8 months. On examination she has pallor, her weight is 16 kg, height is 95 cm. Her skin is dark in colour. Abdominal examination shows a firm liver palpable 4cm below right costal margin with span of 15 cm and firm spleen of size 10 cm a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Give one differential diagnosis. c) Enumerate the investigation with expected findings d) Describe the management of this child

Clinical features of hypovolemic shock are all except a. Prolonged capillary filling time b. Feeble pulse c. Hypertension d. Tachycardia

A two years old male child has been brought with history of fever since eight hours and one generalized seizure 30 mts before coming. On examination, seizure has subsided, child is drowsy but arousable. • List four differential diagnosis you consider • How will you come to a clinical diagnosis. • How will you investigate this child. How investigations help to confirm the diagnosis.

A five years old male child presented with edema around eyes which progressed to generalized edema in few days. He had normal urine output. Urine examination showed heavy proteinuria, but no haematuria. • What is your most probable diagnosis • Write about the pathogenesis of this condition • List down the essential investigations and expected finding • How will you manage the child with in the hospital

A five year old child is brought with history of puffiness around eyes, decreased urine output and passing cola coloured urine for the past 3 days. She had pyoderma of legs three weeks back. On examination child has periorbital puffiness and bilateral pitting pedal edema. Her blood pressure is 132/88 mm of Hg a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Enumerate the points in history and examination to substantiate your diagnosis c) List the investigations you will plan for this child with expected findings d) Enumerate the management of this child e) Name two complications of this condition

A seven years old child, known to have bronchial asthma has been brought with history of breathlessness of two hours duration. On examination, he is having tachypnoea, tachycardia and audible wheeze. • How will you assess the severity of acute exacerbation. • What are the differential diagnosis you will consider. • How will you manage acute exacerbation. • What advice you will give to prevent further exacerbation.

A six years old child has been brought with history of facial puffiness and high coloured urine for last 12 hours. He is hypertensive, has pedal edema but no ascites or pleural effusion. • What is the most probable diagnosis. • What is the most important differential diagnosis. • What are the points in history to differentiate the two. • What are the essential investigations to be done and the abnormalities expected. • How will you manage this condition.

A two-year-old child is brought with fever for the last 24 hours and seizure 30 minutes back. a) List four important differential diagnosis b) List relevant points in history and physical examination to arrive at a clinical diagnosis c) List relevant investigations to confirm the diagnosis with expected findings.

A 7 years old boy is brought with history of swelling of the legs and altered colour of urine. On examination there is oliguria and he is hypertensive. Answer the following questions.

Two-year-old unimmunized child is brought to emergency ward with fever, nasal discharge - 3 days, cough 2 days, breathing difficulty 1 day. On examination the child is irritable, her respiratory rate is 62/mt and has lower chest indrawing a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Name two common etiological agents causing this disease c) Enumerate the points in history and examination to substantiate your diagnosis d) List four complications of this condition e) Describe the management of this child

An eight year old female child is brought to the outpatient department with fever, pain and swelling over major joints which is migratory in nature. Her ESR is 66 mm in first hour. She gives history of sore throat 20 days back. • What is your probable diagnosis. Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of the same.

Two years old unimmunized boy admitted with history of low grade fever for last three weeks, recurrent seizures and altered sensorium for last two days. On examination, neck stiffness is elicited. • What is the most probable diagnosis • What are the differential diagnosis • Write down relevant points in history and clinical examination to arrive at a diagnosis • List down the investigation to be done and the expected finding • How will you manage this child

A 4-year-old unimmunized boy is brought with history of fever, sore throat and drooling of saliva for past 5 days. On examination he is sick looking, has dirty white patches over both tonsils extending to uvula and bilaterally enlarged upper cervical nodes a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Enumerate four points to substantiate your diagnosis c) List four causes of patch in the throat d) Enumerate six complications of this condition e) Describe the management of this child f) Enumerate the steps taken to prevent this disease in other children at home

Discuss the management of first episode of nephrotic syndrome

A 12-year-old boy is brought to casualty with history of cough, breathing difficulty and difficulty in speaking –one day. On examination he has respiratory rate of 42/mt and SPO2 is 88% and bilateral rhonchi present. He gives history of recurrent episodes of cough and breathlessness and has been advised regular treatment to which he is not compliant a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Enumerate the points from history and examination to substantiate the diagnosis c) Describe the steps in the management of this child in casualty d) Enumerate the long term drug management plan for this child e) List the advices you will give regarding home care to prevent further episodes

Write the modified Jones criteria for high prevalent and low prevalent countries.

Most common organism causing Bronchiolitis a. Para influenza virus b. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) c. Adenovirus d. Mycoplasma

Describe the differences between physiological jaundice and pathological Jaundice.

Neonatal seizures

Discuss clinical features and management of hemorrhagic disease of newborn.

Two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate options given below

Enumerate the clinical features of cardiac failure in infants and children.

Describe the hemodynamics, clinical features and complications of Tetrology of Fallot

Discuss the clinical features and management of very severe pneumonia as per National ARI Control Programme.

Describe the hemodyanamics, clinical features and complications of Ventricular Septal Defect

Describe the WHO classification of dehydration in children.

Calorie requirement for a 15 kg boy is a. 1000 cal b. 1250 cal с. 1500 cal d. 1750 cal

Undescended testes

Microcephaly

Enumerate the clinical features, radiological findings and management of Kerosene poisoning in children.

Neonatal jaundice appearing on day one of life

Acute follicular tonsillitis

WHO grading of xerophthalmia

Nultiple-response type questions. Read the statements & mark the answers appropriately

Enumerate the investigations and management of a child with first episode Nephrotic syndrome.

Autism spectrum disorder

Clinical features and urinary findings in acute glomerulonephritis.

Define obesity. Describe common etiologies and complications of obesity. List four preventive strategies for obesity

Discuss the management of dengue shock syndrome

Define Cerebral palsy. Classify cerebral palsy based on topography and etiology. List four complications of a child with cerebral palsy

Describe the clinical features, investigations, findings and management of acute Bronchiolitis.

All are cyanotic congenital heart disease except a. Fallot's tetralogy b. TAPVC c. Aortic stenosis d. Truncus arteriosus

Hepatitis A infection

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Write the composition of ORS. Enumerate the management of a 2-year-old child with acute diarrheal disease with no dehydration.

Simple febrile seizure

Cyanotic spell in tetralogy of fallot

Management of cyanotic spells in an infant with tetralogy of fallot

Single-response type questions

Enumerate the physical and neurological characteristics of a normal term new born.

Describe the clinical features, complications and management of Henoch Schonlein purpura

Discuss the clinical features of congestive cardiac failure in infants and children

Define Short Stature. List the causes of short stature. Describe the clues to etiology from history and examination and investigations in a child with short stature

Describe the physical and neurological characteristics of a Preterm baby.

Following are true regarding congenital hypothyroidism except a. Umbilical hernia b. Prolonged jaundice c. Advanced bone age d. Hypothermia

Measles – management and complications

Components and hemodynamics of tetralogy of fallot

Describe the clinical features and management of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children.

Discuss the clinical features and management of nocturnal enuresis.

Two year old child presents with gait abnormality and irritability of one month duration. On examination has severe pallor and hyper pigmented knuckles. a) What is the diagnosis b) What are the peripheral smear findings c) Laboratory investigations in a child with severe anemia d) Treatment of this condition e) National anemia control programme

List the etiology of short stature in children. Enumerate the clues towards etiological diagnosis from history and examination of a child with short stature.

Management of urinary tract infections in children

Enumerate the investigations and management of a two-year-old child with fever and cough for the past 3 weeks having a known contact with an open case of tuberculosis

A 3-day old term baby is brought with jaundice up to soles, abnormal cry and poor feeding. Baby is A+ and mother is O+. Name the complications the child has developed and describe the management strategies. Enumerate the differences between physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.

List the diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition. Describe the role of Ready To Use Therapeutic Food in the management of malnourished children.

Which of the following is not useful in the continuous prophylaxis of febrile seizure a. Phenobarbitone b. Phenytoin c. Sodium valproate d. None of the above

Dyslexia

Describe the management of a new case of lymphnode tuberculosis in an 8-year-old child

MMR vaccine

Management of otitis media

Puddle sign

A preterm baby has respiratory distress immediately after birth and is admitted in NICU for further management. Answer the following questions. a) What is the most possible diagnosis b) List Four causes of respiratory distress in a neonate, both term and preterm c) Give a brief outline on the management of the baby d) How to prevent the present condition e) What are the other complications in a preterm baby

Enumerate the types of Pneumococcal vaccine, its route of administration, site of administration and schedule as per the national immunization schedule.

Prevention and management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies of gestational age less than 32 weeks

Heimlich maneuver.

Describe the etiology, clinical features, complications and management of acute glomerulonephritis in a seven-year-old child

Physiologic jaundice

Enumerate the facial features, genetic basis and system wise complications in a child with Down syndrome

Describe the clinical features and management of Torsion testes.

Following is not a feature of minimal change Nephrotic syndrome a. Selective proteinuria b. Good response to steroid treatment c. Normal C3 level d. Hypertension

Phototherapy

Proper positioning during breast feeding

Describe the clinical features of a child with severe pneumonia

Breath holding spell

Temper tantrums

A 6 years old child is brought with history of not growing and height of 87 cms. Write Six causes of short stature in children and approach to short stature.

Enumerate the common causes of Respiratory Distress in Newborns.

Four causes of hypercholesterolemia in child.

Enumerate four obligatory developmental milestones in all domains in a two-year-old child. Name two developmental screening tools

Modified Jones criteria

Elaborate with diagram the maternal and neonatal reflexes that help in breast feeding.

Describe the differentiating features between simple and complex febrile seizure.

Regarding cerebral palsy, which statement is true a. It is due to a central motor deficit b. It is a progressive neurological disorder c. Convulsions and mental retardation are necessary for diagnosis d. It is seen only in children above 3 years

Polio vaccines in National Immunization Schedule

Rota virus vaccine

Describe the clinical features and management of breath holding spell.

Assessment of dehydration in a child with watery diarrhoea

Low osmolar ORS

Describe the clinical features, biochemical and radiological findings of Rickets. Treatment of Vitamin D deficiency Rickets.

Enumerate the CSF findings in a child with Acute Bacterial Meningitis.

Mongolian spot.

Enumerate the catchup vaccination schedule in a two-year-old unimmunised child

Define autonomy in medical practice. How do you counsel parents of a one-year-old unimmunized child regarding the need for vaccination

Enumerate the ECG findings in hypokalemia

Fluid of choice for hypovolemic shock a. 50% dextrose b. Colloid C. DNS d. Normal saline

List the Lab investigations in iron deficiency anaemia

Routes of administration' corrected as "route of administration"

Iron chelation in thalassemia

Fine motor development in a three-year-old child

Tracheo-esophageal fistula - Classification

Describe the clinical features and classification of Dengue fever. Give an outline on the management of Dengue shock in children.

Describe the evolution of rash in measles. List four complications of measles

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis - etiology and management

Weight gain in 1st year of life.

Draw and label a flow chart depicting the approach to the diagnosis of a child with microcytic anemia

MR vaccine campaign

Enumerate the clinical features of Congenital Hypothyroidism in a neonate

Describe the clinical sub types of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Features of croup are all except a. Stridor b. Respiratory distress c. Chest pain d. Brassy cough

Laryngomalacia Draw and label:

WIFS -Expand and write a short note Draw and label:

List eight complications in a preterm baby.

Clinical and radiological findings in nutritional rickets

Hypernatremic dehydration

Mention the clinical features of scurvy

Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of Down syndrome. Add a note on antenatal diagnosis

List three drugs used for chelation therapy in Thalassemia. Enumerate three complications of hemochromatosis in children with thalassemia.

Fine motor development up to one year of life

Burping Draw and label:

Enumerate the components of newborn screening program in Kerala.

Draw and label Breath sounds in lobar pneumonia and acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Enumerate the clinical features and investigations in a child with acute torsion testis

While examining two days old infant small vesicles on erythematous base are noted on face and chest. Wright stain on the lesions revealed sheets of Eosinophils. Djagnosis of this rash is a. Miliaria rubra b. Milia c. Neonatal acne d. Erythema toxicum

Draw and label Hemodynamics of ventricular septal defect

Draw and label Rates of growth of different tissues and organs in children

Draw and label Types of trachea oesophageal fistula.

Draw and label Components of stretch reflex (Tendon reflex)

Draw and label Surface marking of the lungs

Draw and label Kramer’s rule

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Immune thrombocytopenia in children.

Draw and label Peripheral smear in Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Draw and label Normal vesicular breath sounds and breath sounds in acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Describe the four pillars of medical ethics

Enumerate the WHO classification for a xerophthalmia

Draw and label Peripheral smear findings of Megaloblastic Anemia.

Hypsarrhythmia on EEG is characteristic of x Grand mal epilepsy b. Absence seizure c. Infantile spasm d. Complex partial seizure tne 13Y Calorie requirement in a 3-year old is (kcal/day) a. 1000 b. 1100 c. 1200 d. 1300

Draw and label Extraocular muscles One word answers:

Draw and label Prolactin reflex

Draw and label Murmur of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) One word answers:

Draw and label Nephron

Draw and label Internal capsule

What are the FOUR pillars of medical ethics. Explain with examples with reference to child health.

Draw and label Primary Complex in the lung.

Draw and label Peripheral smear in thalassemia major

Draw and label Vaccine vial monitor

Name the drug of choice and one common complications of the drug in a child with acute seizures.

Name the vaccines given on day one of life.

List four glomerular causes of Hematuria

Name one drug used in the management of Status Epilepticus.

Calorie requirement in a 3 year old is (kcal/day) a. 1000 b. 1100 c. 1200 d. 1300

Name two drugs for treating pneumococcal pneumonia.

Commonest type of muscular dystrophy in children and its mode of inheritance

Write the protein and calorie content of F75 formula feeds.

Sodium content of low osmolar ORS

Name the long acting penicillin

Guthrie’s test is done to diagnose which disease.

Write short note on MCP card and growth chart

Paracetamol dose in children.

Drug of choice for acetaminophen (Paracetamol) poisoning

Drug of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia.

What is the therapeutic dose of iron and duration of treatment in iron deficiency anemia.

Treatment of choice of scrub typhus

List two common Rheumatological diseases in children

Name one complication of mumps in children.

A two year old, active, asymptomatic boy is examined by a physician for the first time. His blood pleasure is 130/86 in the right arm with a barely palpable right femoral pulse. The most likely diagnosis is a. Coarctation of aorta b. Tetralogy of Fallot c. Aortic stenosis d. Pulmonary stenosis

Number of arteries and veins in the umbilical cord"

Dosage and duration of zinc supplementation in a one-year-old child with diarrhea

Name one non pulmonary cause of respiratory distress in the newborns.

Age of starting complementary feeding in infants

Age at which Moro reflex disappears

Mention the drug used for prophylaxis of portal hypertension in children.

Write short note on a) Adolescent friendly health services b) POCSO Act

Name one clinical condition with high reticulocyte count.

Intrauterine infection in which congenital cataract is seen

Pattern of inheritance in glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

List FOUR clinical features of a child with acute diarrheal disease with severe dehydration

Number of iron folic acid tablets given during pregnancy in anemia control program.

List two surgical causes for delayed passage of meconium

Write one milestone in four domains attained by a two-year-old child.

A six week old infant presents with a history of noisy breathing. The noise was first noted shortly after birth, is inspiratory in nature) is worse now that the infant has a viral respiratory illness, and remits almost completely when the child is asleep. The mast likely etiology of this child's noisy breathing is a. Asthma b. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia c. Cystic fibrosis d. Laryngomalacia

Chromosomal abnormality in turner syndrome

Cause of hemorrhagic disease of new born

Name one nucleo side reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug used in children.

Commonly used potassium sparing diuretic

Toxicity of digitalis is increased by which electrolyte disturbance.

Gower’s sign is classically seen in which disease in children.

Define the criteria for Severe acute malnutrition and list the complications.

Drug of choice in the secondary prophylaxis of Acute Rheumatic fever.

Complication to be suspected in a five-year-old child having down syndrome with recent onset of gait disturbance

Quantity of oral rehydration solution (ORS) used in plan-B therapy.

Enumerate the CSF findings in a child with pyogenic meningitis in term of cells, protein and sugar

Sodium content in low osmolar ORS

Name two drugs used in the treatment of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Define Perinatal period.

Which of the following hemolytic anemias is associated with an extra corpuscular defect a. Hereditary spherocytosis b. Sickle cell anemia c. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia d. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GGPD) deficiency

Minimum age for HPV vaccine in girls

One indication for intravenous immunoglobulin in children

Name one cause of large head.

Name two vaccines which prevent cancer

Currently used oral polio vaccine and the types of viruses it contain.

Most common etiological agent causing acute otitis media in children.

What are the clinical features of intussuception in children. Briefly discuss the investigation and management of intussuception.

Name one Neurocutaneous syndrome.

Drug of choice for prophylaxis in an asymptomatic infant born to mother with active tuberculosis.

In which condition, puddle sign is demonstrated

List FOUR causes of respiratory distress in a preterm baby

List two drugs used in Organophosphorus Poisoning

Drugs used for treatment of autonomic storm due to scorpion sting is a. Adrenaline b. Propranolol c. Prazosin d. Noradrenaline

Name Three components and Three advantages of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

List FOUR clinical signs in a child with hepatic failure

Define Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR)

A 10 year old develops nephrotic syndrome. Several urinalyses reveal the presence of red blood cell casts. The creatinine is 2.8 mg/dl and the blood pleasure is 146/96 mm Hg. The next best course of action is a. Begin a course of oral prednisone b. Follow the child and see if the nephrotic syndrome resolves c. Perform a diagnostic renal biopsy d. Collect a 24 hour urine for creatinine clearance and protein excretion

Write differential diagnosis for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in children and add a note on AFP surveillance.

List TWO indications for the use of zinc in children

List two Iron Chelators used in children with Thalassemia who are on regular Packed Red Blood Cells transfusion

An 8 month old girl is noted to have asymmetric use of her arms. The right arm is held in a flexed position with the hand in a fist. The neurologic examination also reveals increased tone in the right ankle and hyperreflexia on the right side. The past history is significant for premature delivery at 28 weeks gestation, The most likely diagnosis for this child is a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy b. Spino muscular atrophy c. Brachial palsy d. Cerebral palsy

Expand AEFI

List two metabolic causes of chronic liver disease in children.

All the following conditions are characterized by hypochromic, microcytic red cells except a. Iron deficiency anemia b. Thalassemia major c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase d. Anemia of chronic disease

List the radiological features of duodenal atresia

Define Microcephaly

Name the drug of choice in a 10-year-old child with scrub typhus

List four causes of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in children.

The petechiae in the retina seen in children with infective endocarditis are called A. Roth spots B. Osler nodes C. Brushhfield spots D. Epstein pearls

The antidote for methemoglobinemia is A. Naloxone B. Pralidoxime C. Methylene blue D. Flumazenil

Involvement of C5, C6, and occasionally C7 nerve roots during birth injuries leads to A. Duchene–Erb’s palsy B. Total Brachial Plexus injury C. Klumpke injury D. Cephalhematoma

The short acting bronchodilator among the following is A. Theophylline B. Budesonide C. Salbutamol D. Montelukast

The definition of the toddler is A. 6 months to 1 year B. 1-2 years C. 1 year to 36 months D. 1 year to 48 months

Erythema toxicum, a normal skin finding in a newborn, consists of which type of cells? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Lymphocytes

Hyponatremia is defines as a plasma sodium level less than: A. 135mEq/L B. 140mEq/L C. 145mEq/L D. 150mEq/L

Normally, babies can sit without support and pivot to reach an object by A. 8 to 9 months B. 10 to 11 months C. 6 to 8 months D. 13 to 15 months

The following is earliest feature in ECG of hyperkalemia child? A. U waves B. Tall T waves C. ST segment elevation D. Arrhythmias

According to the IMNCI guidelines, tachypnoea in a 3 month old child is defined as: A. More than 70 breaths per minute B. More than 65 breaths per minute C. More than 60 breaths per minute D. More than 50 breaths per minute

Of the following, which is NOT a cardinal and immediate determinant of under nutrition A. Low birth weight B. Infections C. Low food intake D. Socio economic status

All the following are causes of microcephaly in children EXCEPT A. Down syndrome B. Congenital Rubella infection C. Craniosynostosis D. Untreated B thalassemia major

Which vaccine among the following is not included in the National Immunization Schedule? A. Measles vaccine B. Influenza vaccine C. Hepatitis B vaccine D. Polio vaccine

In the treatment of hyperkalemia, which drug is used to stabilise myocardial cell membrane? A. Insulin B. Sodium bicarbonate C. Calcium gluconate D. Salbutamol

The first Apgar is taken at A. Immediately after birth B. 1 minute C. 5 minutes D. 10 minutes

During neonatal resuscitation, the suction pressure should not exceed A. 120mmHg B. 100mmHg C. 110mmHg D. 115mmHg

Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the bite of A. Aedes aegypti B. Anophelles stephensi C. Culex pipiens D. Anopheles gambiae

Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium levels less than A. 120 mEq/L B. 125 mEq/L C. 130 mEq/L D. 135 mEq/L

Radical therapy is indicated for vivax malaria to eliminate the exoerythrocytic stages in liver and reduce risk of relapse with A. Chloroquine B. Artesunate C. Primaquine D. Quinine

The following is the common cause of Unconjugated Jaundice A. Biliary atresia B. TORCH Infection C. Choledochal Cysts D. Hemolytic anemia

Which statement among the following is true regarding the hind milk? A. Gives a sense of satiety B. Quenches the baby’s thirst C. Mild secreted at the start of a feed D. Watery milk

Strabismus is A. Inward deviation of the eye B. Outward deviation of the eye C. The visual axis of the 2 eyes do not meet at the point of regard D. Subnormal vision defined as 2 lines less than normal

The commonest organisms causing acute laryngotracheobronchitis is A. Parainfluenza Virus type 1 B. Adenovirus C. Respiratory syncytial Virus D. Rhinovirus 22ii) The definition of the toddler is A. 6 months to 1 year B. 1-2 years C. 1 year to 36 months D. 1 year to 48 months

Intussusception is associated with which of the following vaccines? A. Rotavirus vaccine B. MMR vaccine C. DPT vaccine D. Polio vaccine

The Miller Fisher variant syndrome of Guillain Barre syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. Ophthalmological abnormalities B. Ataxia C. Areflexia D. Bladder and bowel involvement

Severe combined immunodeficiency manifests during A. First few months of life B. After 1 year C. After 2 years D. After 5 years

Which radiological investigation is done in all children with first episode of urinary tract infection? A. Chest x-ray B. Ultrasonography C. MRI D. CT scan

Triad of congenital Rubella syndrome include all EXCEPT A. Cataract B. Sensorineural deafness C. Horseshoe kidney D. Congenital Heart Disease

The Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) which leads to regression of the Mullerian ducts is produced by the A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. Mullerian ducts D. Wolffian ducts