Kerala University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryAnatomy Previous Year Question Papers

Boundaries and contents of carotid triangle.

Femoral triangle.

Formation and fate of notochord.

Medial longitudinal arch of foot

Extraocular muscles.

Microscopic structure of spleen

Nerve supply of Tongue

Jugular foramen

Anatomical basis of claw hand.

Formation and fate of primitive streak.

Development of thyroid gland.

Development of pituitary gland

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Cross section at middle of leg.

Transitional epithelium

Draw diagram of Floor of 4th ventricle.

Draw diagram of Transverse section through knee joint

Draw diagram of Transverse section of medulla at the level of motor decussation.

Two contents of quadrangular space

Draw diagram of Transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus

Draw diagram of Horizontal section through abdomen at the level of L1 vertebra.

Draw diagram of Sterno costal surface of heart

Draw diagram of Medial surface of left lung

Draw diagram of Median section through male pelvis.

Derivatives of diencephalon.

Draw a neat labelled diagram of mediastinal surface of right lung

Draw a neat labelled diagram of relations of anterior surface of right and left kidneys.

A 60 years old hypertensive developed sudden paralysis of the left side of his body. On examination he had 'increased muscle tone', exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and positive Babinski’s sign on the affected side. Answer the following questions: • Name the parts of internal capsule and the part in which the lesion is likely to be situated • Enumerate the fibre constituents of each part of the internal capsule • Which is the most commonly ruptured artery in the cerebral hemisphere. • Describe the blood supply of internal capsule

A 45-year-old man was brought to the casualty following fall from a tree. On examination it was found that there was clawing of little and ring fingers and sensory loss along the medial part of forearm. Brachial plexus injury was diagnosed. a) Name the part of brachial plexus that is involved in this patient b) Formation of trunks and cords of brachial plexus c) Branches from the cords of brachial plexus mentioning the root value of each branch d) Add a note on Erb’s point (1+2+5+2) Short essays

The ovum is surrounded by a non-cellular layer known as the: a) Corona radiata b) Theca folliculi c) Zona pellucida d) Cumulus oophorus

A 50 year old traffic police man came to a surgeon with a complaint of swollen vessels in the leg which appears prominent on standing for long periods. On examination it was found to be superficial veins of lower limb involved • What is the name of this condition and which are the vessels involved. • What is the test performed in this condition • Describe the origin course and termination of these vessels • What is the communication between superficial and deep veins and their role in venous drainage of lower limb

A 55-year-old female presented to general surgery outpatient department with pain in left axilla and swelling of left upper limb. On clinical examination the surgeon noted the presence of few enlarged swellings in her left axilla and a swelling in upper lateral quadrant of her left breast. With your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following questions. a) Which group of axillary lymph nodes could be enlarged in this patient. b) Describe the anatomical groups of axillary lymph nodes and specify their areas of drainage. c) Describe the lymphatic drainage of mammary gland d) Enumerate the boundaries and contents of axilla.

A 50-year-old man presented with a history of rapidly growing painful swelling on the face below the ear lobule on the left side. On examination the left ear lobule was found to be lifted by the swelling. There was an inability to close the left eye and to blow the cheek. The angle of mouth was deviated to the right side. a) Name the surfaces, borders and structures related to the affected organ b) Give the nerve supply of the organ c) Correlate the symptoms seen in relation to the anatomical structures

A 62-year-old male patient presents with jaundice, dark urine and pain in the right hypochondriac region. Ultrasound abdomen reveals enlargement of the organ present in right hypochondrium, extending to epigastric and left hypochondrium. Clinical investigation revealed elevated enzymes and altered function from this organ. a) Name the parts and peritoneal folds of the organ likely to be affected in the patient. b) Describe the relations of posterior and inferior surface of this organ. c) Describe the blood supply and microscopic structure of the organ affected.

A 35-year-old rowdy sheeter involved in a fight received a deep cut in the middle of the back of his right arm. He was bleeding profusely and was rushed to the hospital. a) Which nerve and artery at this site are in danger of injury. b) What is the origin and termination of this artery. c) How will you assess the functional integrity of the nerve in this case. d) Which part of the brachial plexus gives origin to this nerve and which other nerves arise from this part. e) Give the motor distribution and cutaneous branches of this nerve.

A middle aged male patient complained of low back pain radiating to leg on right side and numbness and weakness in various parts of leg and foot. The condition was diagnosed as sciatica. With your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions • Describe the root value, formation and course of sciatic nerve • Name the functional groups of muscles innervated by this nerve and its branches at various levels. • Name the cutaneous branches of this nerve at various levels along its course.

A 60-year-old lady was brought to the casuality following a history of fall at her residence. On clinical examination, the anatomical orientation of her right lower limb was disturbed. X-ray showed posterior dislocation of her right hip joint. With your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions. • Name the nerve which can be injured in this patient. • Give the root value of the nerve. • Name one clinical procedure that can cause injury to this nerve. • Describe the course of this nerve. • Name the branches of this nerve and the muscles supplied by those branches.

An 80 years old lady had a fall and on examinations had pain and swelling in the left hip region with restriction of movements of hip joint. X-ray revealed fracture of neck of femur. Answer the following questions: • Mention the features of the articulating regions of the bones forming hip joint • Name the ligaments of the joint with its attachments • List the movements of the joint mentioning the muscles which produce them • Mention the blood supply of the joint • Mention the complications, possible to develop in the above patient

A 65-year-old man who was Chronic Smoker and Tobacco chewer for past 15 years, came to hospital with ulcerated lesion on the anterior part of the Tongue, which bleeds on touch. He was unable to swallow and foul smell was emitting from his mouth. O/E he had enlarged Submandibular and lower cervical lymph nodes. He was diagnosed with Carcinoma of the Tongue a) Based on anatomical knowledge, what are the external features of Tongue b) Name the muscles of tongue with their nerve supply c) Describe the Blood supply and Lymphatic drainage of Tongue d) Explain the development of tongue

A patient was brought with complaints of inability to abduct the right arm. On inspection, bulging in the upper part of the arm was observed a) Name the joint involved b) Write on the ligaments of the joint c) Write on the relations of the joint d) Write on the movements of the joint with muscles helping in the movements

A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain at the shoulder joint. Answer the following questions:  Name the bones forming the joint  ligaments  movements and muscles causing them  blood supply  nerve supply  applied aspects

A 45-year old male was brought to the casuality following a road traffic accident. He had pain and swelling over his right arm. On clinical examination it was found that he was unable to extend his right wrist joint and joints of his right hand and also sensory loss on dorsum of right hand. X-ray of his right arm showed fracture shaft of humerus. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions. • Name the nerve injured in this patient. • Give the root value of the nerve. • Describe the course of the nerve. • Name the branches given off by the nerve specifying the sites of origin. • What is the reason behind the patient’s inability to extend wrist joint and other joints of right hand.

A 60-year-old male known hypertensive is on antihypertensive drug for 5 years, wakes up in the morning and notices difficulty in moving his right limbs. He was brought to emergency department. Neurological examination revealed right sided hemiplegia. CT scan revealed hemorrhage in the posterior limb of the left internal capsule. • Name the blood vessel responsible for the haemorrhage. • Discuss the white matter of cerebrum. • Parts and fibres of internal capsule. • Blood supply of internal capsule.

A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain in the abdomen. Diagnostic tests revealed abnormal liver function tests. Answer the following: • extent and parts of liver • relations • peritoneal reflections • blood supply • applied aspects

A 12 year old boy was brought to the casualty with complaints of fever, vomiting and periumbilical abdominal pain. On examination, his abdomen was rigid and there was tenderness at the Mc. Burney’s point. a) Name the parts and peritoneal folds of the organ likely to be affected in the boy b) What are the various positions of the organ c) Where is Mc. Burney’s point d) Describe the blood supply and microscopic structures of the organ affected

A 40-year-old patient presents with a palpable pulsation on the left side of her chest. Upon examination, it is found that the pulsation is localized to the left fifth intercostal space 9cm lateral to the sternum. a) What is the term used to describe this pulsation. b) Name the chamber of heart which causes this palpable pulsation c) Explain the external features and internal features of this chamber of heart d) Describe the blood supply of this chamber of heart

A 20-year-old male had applied for selection into defence academy in India. His application was rejected during physical examination on the grounds of Bilateral Flat Foot. a) What is the anatomical basis of flat foot. b) Classify arches of foot. c) What are the components and features of each type of arches of foot. d) What are the factors that maintain the arches of foot

An 18-year-old boy was hit down by car while walking on the road and sustained injury to his right knee joint. He visited to orthopaedic clinic with complaints of pain, swelling and while walking his right knee is giving out (instability). On examination, soft tissue swelling and tenderness present around right knee joint. Lachman test was performed and shows abnormal forward & backward movement of right tibia. With your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions related to knee joint. • Describe the articular surfaces of knee joint. • Describe the ligaments of knee joint. • Name the structure(s) that maintain the anteroposterior stability of knee joint. • What is locking and unlocking of knee joint. • Nerves that supply knee joint

A 20 years old female underwent right sided mastoidectomy following which she developed weakness of facial muscles on that side. There was also impairment of taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue on the same side. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions: • Name the structure involved during surgery that would have led to the symptoms in this patient. • Name all the nuclei in the brain stem which are concerned with this structure • Describe the intracranial, intra petrous and extra cranial course of the structure. • Name its branches at different levels

A 60 years old multiparous woman came to hospital with complaints of mass descending per vaginum. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions. • Name the clinical condition. • Describe the parts, normal position, relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of uterus. • Describe the supports of uterus.

A 70-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing swelling below the ear lobule on the left side. The left ear lobule is lifted due to swelling. The person was unable to close the left eye and blow his mouth. Angle of mouth deviated to right side. • Which is the gland enlarged • What major structures pass through this gland • Name the surfaces and relations of this gland. • Which nerve is involved in this case. Give the extra cranial distribution by this nerve.

A 15-year-old boy came with Altered Gait to the OPD after intramuscular Injection in the right buttock. On examination, he was found to be having Foot drop on the right side. a) Based on the above case what is the Anatomical reason for the Boy’s condition b) Describe the origin, insertion and Nerve supply of Gluteus maximus c) What are structures under the cover of Gluteus maximus d) Anatomical basis of Trendelenburg sign

There was a posterior dislocation of hip joint in a 30-year old man injuring his sciatic nerve. Answer the following regarding hip joint. a) Name the bones articulating b) Ligaments c) Movements & muscles causing them d) Nerve supply e) Applied aspects

A 30-year-old man came with history of upper abdominal pain and vomiting. On examination tenderness in the epigastric region was noted. a) Which is the organ involved b) Write about the external features of the organ c) Write about the peritoneal and visceral relations of the organ d) Write on the blood supply of the organ

During an abdominal surgery, the doctor observed a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding the duodenum and obstructing it. Describe pancreas under a) Gross features b) Relations, c) Development d) Microscopic structure

Cystic artery is a branch of a) Right hepatic artery b) Left hepatic artery c) Coeliac trunk d) Common hepatic artery

A 70 – year old man presented with a swelling in the inguinal region on both the sides. He had cough since two months. The swelling reduces on rest and bulges on coughing. a) Which is the canal through which swelling is appearing. b) Write about boundaries of the canal and contents of the canal c) What are the factors which prevents the swelling in the normal individuals d) Write on Hesselbach’s triangle.

A 2-month old male child was brought to the hospital since the mother noticed the left scrotum of the boy was empty. On examination it was noticed that the right testis was in the scrotum. A swelling of 1.5 cm diameter was noted in the left inguinal region. On ultrasound examination it was confirmed that the left testis was in inguinal canal. • Mention any two conditions resulting in empty scrotum in newborn. • Describe the development and descent of testis. • Coverings of testis. • Microscopic structure of testis

A 39-year-old female presents to the clinic for a routine health maintenance exam. The patient reports she is feeling nervous and anxious all the time with frequent palpitations, diarrhea and has been losing weight. She has also noticed a change in hair and fingernail. She frequently feels warm while others are cold or comfortable. On examination her heart rate is 110 beats per minute. She has a slight tremor and has increased reflexes in all extremities. A nontender thyroid enlargement is appreciated in the thyroid region. She was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism after biochemical tests. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following a) Parts and relations of thyroid gland. b) Blood supply of thyroid gland. c) Explain the embryological basis for possible abnormal locations of the thyroid gland. d) Microscopic structure of thyroid gland.

A painter experienced difficulty in raising the right arm upwards. The physician asked the patient to press his hands against the wall in front. It was found that the medial border and inferior angle of right scapula became prominent. • Name the muscle tested in this person to detect the injury to which nerve. • What is the name of the deformity. • What is the origin and root value of this nerve. How this nerve gets damaged • What are the attachments and actions of this muscle.

A 35 year – old female came with a history of swelling below the ear lobule on right side. The swelling was associated with pain. a) Which is the structure involved. b) What are the coverings, surfaces and borders of the structure. c) What are the structures passing through it. d) Write the secretomotor pathway of the structure.

A 55-year-old male brought to the emergency department with complaints of severe squeezing chest pain, breathing difficulty, sweating and pain along the inner aspect of left upper limb. After taking an electrocardiogram a provisional diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was made. Apply your knowledge in anatomy and answer the following questions related to coronary artery. • Describe the origin, course, relations and branches of left coronary artery. • Describe the arterial supply of conducting system of heart. • Describe the venous drainage of heart. • Name two arteries supplying the heart most commonly involved in ischemic heart disease.

A 65-year-old man with chronic history of cough and constipation complained he noticed a gradually increasing swelling in the right groin and feels a dragging sensation at that site. On examination, it was noticed a globular swelling above the pubic tubercle which increased in size on coughing. The patient was diagnosed to have Inguinal hernia a) Based on the anatomical knowledge, what are the reasons for swellings in the groin region b) What are the boundaries of Inguinal canal c) What are the contents of Inguinal canal d) What are factors which maintain the Integrity of Inguinal canal e) What is Hesselbach’s triangle

A 30 years old female visited to the surgical outpatient department with complaints of pain and swelling in the lower part of front of neck. On examination the swelling moves with deglutition. Based on the history and clinical examination a provisional diagnosis of thyroid swelling was made. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions related to thyroid gland. • Reason for thyroid swelling moves with deglutition. • Describe the parts, coverings, relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of thyroid gland. • Microstructure of thyroid gland.

Otic ganglion.

Describe the steps of fertilization and its effects.

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint a) Humeroulnar joint b) Intervertebral disc joint c) Cranial sutural joint d) Tibiotalar joint

Placenta

Describe mediastinum under the following heading • Boundaries • Divisions • Contents • Clinical implications.

Describe the kidney under the following headings • Anterior relations • Coverings • Microscopic structure • Anatomical structures encountered in succession in surgical exposure by lumbar route

Extraocular muscles of eyeball- Attachments, nerve supply, action.

Classify joints. Give the structure of synovial joint with an example.

A 45 year old female, presented to OPD with complaints of pricking type of pain over the left half of face. The pain would aggravate on washing face, eating and swallowing. A diagnosis of tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia) was made.

A 32-year-old male is admitted to the emergency department with groin pain. Examination reveals that the patient has an indirect inguinal hernia. Surgical repair was undertaken

Describe cubital fossa under following headings. • Boundaries • Contents • Clinical importance

A 36 year-old male after a weekend party came home and slept off seated on a chair, with his right arm over the back of the chair all through the night. Next day he experienced difficulty in some movements of his wrist and fingers of right limb and sensory disturbances over a small area in the lateral part of dorsum of right hand.

Development of right atrium

Describe the Anal canal under the following Headings a) Extent of the Canal b) Interior features of the Anal canal c) Blood and Nerve supply of the Anal canal d) Anatomical basis of haemorrhoids

Formation of placenta

Describe the intracapsular structures of knee joint. Explain the clinical importance of any two of them.

A 43-year-old fair lady reported to surgery outpatient department with a history of intense pain in the upper-right side of the abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, that steadily increases for approximately 30 minutes to several hours. She also had pain between the shoulder blades or below the right shoulder. She could correlate the attacks often occurred after a particularly fatty meal and almost always happen at night. Other symptoms included abdominal bloating, intolerance of fatty foods, belching, gas, and indigestion. On examination, Murphy’s sign was positive liver function tests were mildly abnormal. Ultrasound revealed presence of stones in gall bladder. • What is murphy’s sign. • Gross anatomy of extrahepatic biliary apparatus with neat labelled diagram. • Arterial supply of extrahepatic biliary apparatus. • Histology of gall bladder with neat labelled diagram. • Relations of the inferior surface of liver

Cavernous sinus

A 35 year old man noticed a gradually increasing swelling in the right groin. After manually reducing the swelling the surgeon occluded the deep inguinal ring with the thumb and then asked the patient to cough.The swelling was prevented to come out which was suggestive of indirect inguinal hernia.

Describe the derivatives of Intraembryonic mesoderm.

Describe Typical Intercostal Space under the following headings:- (a) Muscles (b) Bloodvessels (c) Nerve (d) Applied importance

Describe the brachial plexus under following headings. • Formation • Relations • Branches • Applied anatomy.

Boundaries and contents of inguinal canal

Thoracic diaphragm

Describe the Heart under the following headings:- a) External features - Surfaces, borders and grooves and sulcus with their contents b) Describe the blood supply of the heart c) Add a note on the coronary dominance d) Applied anatomy

A 10 year-old boy was admitted in the hospital with complaints of jaundice, itchy skin, vomiting and pale fatty stools. CT revealed pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum.

Extra ocular muscles

Internal capsule of brain

Which part of primitive heart is continuous cranially with the aortic sac a) Bulbus cordis b) Primitive ventricle c) Sinus venosus d) Primitive atrium

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Describe the inguinal canal under the following heading a) Boundaries and contents. b) Anatomical protective mechanisms for prevention of inguinal hernia. c) Anatomical basis of two types of inguinal hernia. d) What are the coverings of inguinal hernia.

Notochord

Lymphatic drainage of tongue.

Describe the arches of foot under following headings: • Classification • Formation • Factors responsible for maintenance of arches • Functions.

Describe the pancreas under following headings: • Situation and parts. • Relations. • Duct system. • Blood supply. • Lymphatic drainage. • Development.

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

The chemical used as a preservative in embalming fluid is: a) Formaldehyde b) Nitric acid c) Glycerin d) Thymol

Blood supply of heart

Numerical aberrations of chromosomes.

Parts, boundaries and features of lateral ventricle

Supports of the Uterus.

Intercostal vessels.

Intra embryonic mesoderm

Describe various modes of inheritance with examples

Describe the supports of uterus

Femoral nerve

Extensor retinaculum of lower limb

Right atrium.

Layers of scalp with clinical implications.

Second part of duodenum

Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland and its clinical significance.

Radial nerve- root value, course and branches in axilla, arm and cubital fossa. What is Saturday night palsy.

Pleura and pleural recesses.

Pancreas – parts, relations and blood supply

Lateral ventricle

Stomach – relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage

Coronary arteries

Parotid gland relations

What is the venous drainage of the upper two thirds of anal canal a) Inferior vena cava b) Superior mesenteric vein c) Inferior mesenteric vein d) Portal vein

Temporomandibular joint

With the help of a neat diagram describe ischiorectal fossa. Give its clinical importance

Gross anatomy of cerebellum with its nuclei.

Radial nerve

Duodenum – parts, relations, openings, blood supply

Chromosomal aberrations.

Internal capsule- parts, fibre constituents, arterial supply and applied anatomy.

Arterial supply of heart.

At the caudal end of the primitive streak, ectoderm and endoderm meet at the: a) Coelom b) Cloacal membrane c) Neural groove d) Notochord

Process of implantation and its clinical aspects.

Portocaval anastomosis -sites, vessels involved and applied importance

Arterial supply of Cerebrum.

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Interior of right atrium

Pericardium

Describe the Functional areas and Blood supply of Superolateral surface of Cerebral hemisphere

Serratus anterior

Broncho pulmonary segments of left lung

Facial nerve

Cerebellum.

Internal Thoracic artery.

Formation, course, tributaries and termination of great saphenous vein. Give its applied importance.

Femoral canal and its applied anatomy.

Arterial supply and venous drainage of cerebral cortex

Floor of fourth ventricle

Formation of placenta and placental anomalies

Fourth ventricle

Boundaries and contents of ischiorectal fossa

The perisinusoidal space between hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoids is called a) Space of Retzius b) Space of Larry c) Space of Mall d) Space of Disse

Confluence of venous sinuses.

Gross anatomy, interior, blood supply and development of second part of duodenum

Describe ischio rectal fossa with clinical significance.

Association fibres of the cerebrum

Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland and its applied significance.

What is Barr Body. What is its significance.

Transection of the lateral spinothalamic tract results in: a) Loss of pain and temperature sensation b) Complete flaccid paralysis c) Spastic paresis d) Cerebellar incoordination

Genetic counselling

Formation, branches of Circle of Willis

Interior of anal canal.

A 35 year old female presented to OPD with complaints of swelling in front of neck for past 3 months. she also complains of progressive weight gain, fatigue, constipation and cold intolerance, a diagnosis of hypothyroidism was made after the lab investigations. a) Describe the location, external features and coverings of thyroid gland b) Mention the medial and lateral relations of the gland c) Describe the arterial supply of the gland with its relation to the corresponding nerves d) Briefly describe the histology of thyroid gland.

A 14-year-old girl was brought to the hospital with complaints of fever, vomiting and acute pain around umbilicus. On examination, the surgeon found that she was having maximum tenderness at Mc Burney’s point. From the history and examination, he came to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Based on your anatomical knowledge, answer the following questions. a) Why is pain felt around umbilicus b) Where is Mc Burney’s point c) What are the various positions of vermiform appendix d) Briefly describe the blood supply, development and microscopy of vermiform appendix

Flexor retinaculum of hand and its clinical implications.

A male patient was brought to emergency department with head injury following road traffic accident. On examination he was found to have black eye and pulsating exophthalmos on left side. On radiological examination fracture of body of sphenoid was noted. a) What is the anatomical basis of black eye and pulsating exophthalmos in this patient b) Name the dural venous sinus that is likely to be involved in this patient and describe its relations, tributaries and communications c) Classify dural venous sinuses

Implantation

Describe the Gall bladder under the following- a) Location b) Parts c) Applied anatomy

Superficial palmar arch

Describe the various types and structure – function correlation of blood vessels.

Uterus: microscopic anatomy and changes in different phases of uterine cycle.

Muscles of soft palate and their nerve supply

A 60 year old man who is a smoker, alcoholic and known hypertensive suddenly developed pain in the left side of chest radiating along the medial border of left arm. ECG showed myocardial ischaemia.Coronary angiogram was advised for further evaluation. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following: a) Describe the origin, course, branches and distribution of coronary arteries b) Add a note on coronary dominance c) Explain the nerve supply of heart

Inferior vena cava.

Autosomal dominant inheritance.

Describe the structure of synovial joints. Classify synovial joints with examples.

Classify muscular tissue with suitable examples. Describe the structure of skeletal muscle.

Lateral wall of nasal cavity.

Movements and the muscles involved in causing each movement at the wrist joint

A 23year-old pregnant woman who did not go for regular antenatal screening delivered a full-term baby weighing 2kg. Soon after birth the baby was found to be dyspnoeic and vomited continuously after every feed. CT was done for the newborn and it revealed herniation of stomach and intestines into the left side of thoracic cavity. With your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following: a) Name the structure that is defectively developed in this newborn. b) Describe the attachments of this structure. c) Mention the innervation and actions of this structure. d) Mention the openings in this structure and structures passing through them. e) Describe the development of this structure.

Rectus abdominis muscle

Histology of pituitary gland

Which of the following is used as a dehydrating fixative to preserve cadavers and anatomical specimens a) Eosin b) Glycerine c) Thymol crystals d) Water

Broad ligament of uterus

Describe internal capsule.

Microscopic structure of stomach with neat labelled diagram.

Chromosomes and its classification

Internal trigone of urinary bladder

Classify cartilage with suitable examples. Describe the structure of elastic cartilage.

Describe the development and congenital anomalies of palate

Describe embryological basis of nerve supply of tongue.

Microscopic structure of pituitary gland

An 8-year-old boy gives history of chronic middle ear infection. During his recent episode infection spread to the mastoid antrum and the mastoid air cells.

Axillary nerve

Explain microscopic structure of compact bone.

Parts, lymphatic drainage and development of stomach

Extent and external features of spinal cord.

Describe the structure and function of skin with its appendages.

Describe Brachial plexus under the following headings: formation (roots, trunks. divisions, cords), branches and Erb’s point. Add a note on Klumpke’s paralysis.

Decidua

Describe knee joint under the following headings: Articular surfaces, Capsule and intracapsular structures, Movements and muscles causing each movement

Stages and consequences of fertilisation

Describe shoulder joint under the following headings:- a) Articular surfaces b) Structures stabilizing the joint c) Movements and muscles producing each movement d) Applied importance

Down syndrome

Explain the microscopic structure of pituitary gland

Types of epiphysis

Common peroneal nerve

Bronchopulmonary segments.

Interior of larynx

Describe the boundaries, contents and applied anatomy of femoral triangle.

Circle of willis.

Classify synovial joints with examples.

Histology of thin skin. Write a note on appendages of skin.

Development of placenta and its associated anomalies.

Falx Cerebri

Parts, relations and nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland.

Cavity of larynx

Explain the microscopic structure of thin skin

Describe sciatic nerve under following headings: root value, course and relations, branches and clinical anatomy.

Openings in the abdominal diaphragm

Supports of uterus

A 40 year old man, presented to Emergency Department with complaints of severe pain in his right flank. The pain was sharp, stabbing and radiated down to his groin. He also complains of nausea and vomiting as well as urine frequency and urgency. A diagnosis of Renal colic caused by passing of renal stones was made.

Blood supply of thyroid gland

External features and blood supply of spinal cord.

Portosystemic anastomosis with clinical significance.

Cephalic vein

Constrictors of pharynx

Divisions and derivatives of intraembryonic mesoderm.

Describe the Sulci, Gyri, functional areas and blood supply on the superolateral surface of cerebrum

Midgut – Derivatives, Rotation and Associated anomalies

Spermatic cord

Inversion and eversion.

Wrist joint

Nerve supply of tongue correlating with its development

Describe the attachments, innervation and actions of muscles of mastication

Lymphatic drainage of breast

Describe the features of the interior of the right atrium. Add a note on its development

Movements at knee joint

Describe parts, relations, connections and clinical anatomy of basal ganglia.

Structures passing deep to extensor retinaculum of hand and its deep relations

Boundaries and contents of sub occipital triangle

Oogenesis

Arches of foot.

Major openings of diaphragm

Describe the course, branches and applied anatomy of typical intercostal nerve

Lateral wall of the nose.

Nerve supply and action of Gluteus Medius.

Briefly describe bronchopulmonary segment. Name the bronchopulmonary segments in each lung. Write about their surgical importance.

Mendelian inheritance.

Microstructure of pituitary gland.

Foramen Magnum

What are the boundaries and Contents of Posterior Mediastinum

Boundaries and contents of cubital fossa

Describe the boundaries, contents and applied anatomy of ischiorectal fossa.

Coverings and blood supply of spinal cord

Styloid process

Ankle joint

Supination and pronation.

Explain the microscopic structure of small intestine

Boundaries and contents of posterior triangle of neck

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Microscopy of lymph node.

Structure of compact bone

Anatomical basis of foot drop.

Explain the anatomical basis of inguinal hernia

Structures passing through Superior orbital fissure.

Formation and structure of umbilical cord.

Illustrate and describe the microscopic anatomy of transverse section of compact bone. Add a note on the functions of periosteum.

Sinuses of pericardium

Explain the subdivisions, innervation and recesses of pleura

Describe the structure of transitional epithelium with site of occurrence and its functional significance.

Arterial anastomosis around elbow joint

Labeled diagram of histology of hyaline cartilage

Neural crest cells.

Nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland.

Functional areas in supero-lateral surface of cerebrum

Explain the formation and contents of rectus sheath

Styloid apparatus.

Microscopic structure of Transverse section of compact bone.

Boundaries and contents of posterior mediastinum.

Trigone [internal] of the urinary bladder

Superior mesenteric artery.

Structures passing beneath the extensor retinaculum of the foot

Trapezius muscle

Describe the development of kidney and its associated anomalies.

Anterior and posterior relations of right kidney

Which of the following statements are true about Fallot’s Tetralogy 1) Atrial Septal Defect 2) Pulmonary Stenosis 3) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 4) Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 3, 4

Components of the pelvic diaphragm

Clinical anatomy of pouch of Douglas.

Clinical and microscopic anatomy of uterine tube.

True ligaments of uterus

Lateral rotators of hip joint.

Perineal membrane in males

Lesser sac.

Posterior relations of left kidney

Typical intercostal space.

A 10-year-old girl underwent bilateral tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis. On examination, prior to discharge, the surgeon noted an absence of touch sensation on the posterior ⅓ of the tongue along with an absent gag reflex. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions: a) Name the nerve damaged during the surgery b) What are the external features on the posterior ⅓ of tongue c) Correlate the development of the tongue to its nerve supply d) Briefly describe the histology of the tonsil

Left lung

Compartments deep to extensor retinaculum of hand.

Contents of Superficial perineal pouch.

Classify white matter fibres of cerebrum with suitable examples. Add a note on fibres of internal capsule

List the sources of development of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm. Enumerate the structures passing through its major openings.

Mechanics and types of respiration.

Describe the formation, fate and embryological significance of primitive streak.

Boundaries and contents of femoral triangle

Microscopic structure of retina

Coronary sinus

Name the structural chromosomal abnormalities

Describe structure of chromosome with classification.

Vas deferens.

Layers of scrotum

Describe the boundaries and contents of perineal pouches

Interior of urinary bladder.

Bronchopulmonary segments of Right lung.

Histologic difference between Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles.

Midpalmar space.

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Boundaries and contents of superficial perineal pouch.

Right suprarenal gland

Describe the microscopic features of fundus and pyloric part of stomach.

Ligaments of urinary bladder

Muscles of soft palate with nerve supply

Which of the following statements are true about inguinal canal 1) The length of inguinal canal is 8 cms. 2) The inguinal canal extends from Anterior Superior Illiac Spine to Pubic Symphysis. 3) The presence of inguinal canal is a cause of weakness in the lower part of anterior abdominal wall. 4) Lacunar ligament is related to floor of inguinal canal a) 3, 4 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 1, 2

Lesser omentum

Explain anatomical basis of hematemesis and caput medusa in portal hypertension

Floor of fourth ventricle of brain.

Pleura

Porta hepatis Short answers

Spermatogenesis.

Contents of middle ear cavity

Describe anatomical basis of Horner’s syndrome.

Deltoid muscle.

Describe the mammary gland under the following headings: extent, deep relations, gross structure, arterial supply and lymphatics.

Deltoid ligament of ankle

Microscopic structure of large artery and correlate with its function.

Auditory tube

Describe the venous drainage of the heart.

Rotator cuff of shoulder joint

Describe the gross features and relations of components of extrahepatic biliary apparatus.

With the help of pedigree charts describe the various modes of inheritance involving the sex chromosomes. Give suitable examples for each type.

Blood supply of mammary gland

Features of nasopharynx

Contents of radial groove

Barr body

Arch of aorta

Labeled diagram of histology of cerebellum

Describe the internal features, lobes and clinical importance of prostate

Boundaries of Cubital fossa.

Define Karyotype. What are the steps of Karyotyping.

Dorsalis pedis artery.

Broca’s area.

Para mesonephric duct

Claw hand

Karyotype and clinical features of Klinefelter syndrome

Describe the longitudinal arches of foot and their clinical anatomy.

Development of face

The following arteries are branches of internal iliac artery 1) Femoral artery 2) Inferior gluteal artery 3) Middle rectal artery 4) Obturator artery a) 1, 3, 4 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 2, 3

Descent of testis

Parts of basal ganglia with functional importance

Subdivisions and derivatives of neural tube.

Pivot joint

Microscopic structure of thyroid gland

Features in the floor of fourth ventricle.

Epiploic foramen

Flexor retinaculum of hand.

Classify white matter of the brain with an example of each. Describe the white matter bundle seen in the median longitudinal cerebral fissure

Pectoralis minor

Embryological basis of twinning.

Microscopic structure of cerebellum

Parietal pleura. Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Describe the formation of placenta. Add a note on placental barrier.

Epiphyseal plate

Briefly describe the internal features of the anal canal.

Anatomical basis of ischaemic heart disease.

Explain the attachments, nerve supply and actions of extra ocular muscles of eyeball.

Epiphysis

What is the anatomical basis of umbilical hernia

Extensor retinaculum of hand

Name four structures piercing clavi-pectoral fascia

Anatomical basis of dilated veins of lower limb.

Microscopic structure of cerebrum

Describe the development and microscopy of pancreas

Facial artery.

Branches of posterior cord of Brachial plexus.

Development of interatrial septum.

Neuroglia

Formation and fate of the para mesonephric duct

Explain anatomical basis of facial nerve palsy.

Branches of subclavian artery

Oogenesis Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Microscopic structure of peripheral nerve

Describe the recesses of pleura and their clinical significance.

Structures passing through foramen magnum

Which of the following statements are true regarding anal canal 1) Internal painless piles arise from the lower cutaneous part of anal canal 2) Lower part of anal canal drains into Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes. 3) Autonomic nervous system supplies the lower part of anal canal. 4) Lower part of anal canal receives blood supply mainly from inferior rectal artery a) 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 3

Branches of Internal iliac artery

Microscopic structure of prostate Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Boundaries and clinical significance of pyriform fossa.

Gluteus maximus

Epiploic foremen Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Histology of retina

Nerve supply of urinary bladder

Great saphenous vein.

Illustrate and describe the microscopic anatomy of the large artery and medium-sized artery highlighting how their structure is suited for their function

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Structures surrounding hip joint.

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Transverse section through the neck at the level of cricoid (C₆ vertebrae) cartilage

Histology of Duodenum.

Describe the location, drainage and applied anatomy of cervical lymphnodes. Add a note on microscopy of lymphnode

Branches of axillary artery

Describe the microanatomy of the kidney. What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Typical intercostal nerve.

Describe the formation, termination, tributaries and clinical importance of external jugular vein

Draw a neat labelled diagram of midbrain at the level of Superior Colliculus

Adductor canal

Name tributaries of coronary sinus

Medial surface of right lung.

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Distribution of cutaneous nerves to head and neck

Branches of ophthalmic artery

Describe the cruciate ligaments and menisci of knee joint and their clinical importance

Histology of Testis.

Name the hamstrings. Draw diagrams

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Sagittal section through shoulder.

Microscopic structure of the suprarenal gland

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Transverse section of medulla oblongata at the level of sensory decussation.

Histology of pancreas

Draw a neat labelled diagram of mediastinal surface of the left lung

Posterior interosseous nerve

Describe the presenting parts, interior, microscopic structure of urinary bladder.

Histology of kidney

Mesodermal derivatives of first pharyngeal arch

True about testis are 1) Develops from mesoderm 2) Anterior border is related to epididymis 3) Left testis drains to splenic vein 4) Upper pole gives attachment to spermatic cord a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 4 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 3, 4

Histology of ureter

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Hyoglossus muscle and its relations

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Sulci and Gyri of superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere.

Palmar aponeurosis

Histology of appendix

Draw diagram of Transverse section of medulla at the level of olive

Draw diagram of Mediastinal surface of right lung.

Describe the process of neurulation. Name the vesicles in the cranial expanded part of the neural tube and mention their fate.

Draw diagram of Structures surrounding hip joint

Contents of anatomical snuff box.

Vertebral level of oesophageal opening in the diaphragm

Floor of anatomical snuff box.

Describe the formation, course, termination and tributaries of external jugular vein.

Briefly describe the attachments and innervation of hamstring muscles.

Two sesamoid bones

Compare and contrast the microscopic features of lymph node and spleen.

Draw diagram of Transverse section through middle of leg

Nuclei of cerebellum

Draw diagrams of Transverse section at level of fourth thoracic vertebra

Name two fetal membranes.

Dural folds.

Draw diagram of Transverse section at level of first lumbar vertebra

Describe the microscopic structure of liver

Draw diagram of Transverse section at the level of Sternal angle of Louis (4th Thoracic vertebra).

Parts of blastocyst.

Name the nerve involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Draw diagram of Anterior relations of right and left kidney

Name any two structures within the parotid gland.

Anterior relations of right Kidney.

Draw diagram of Transverse section of right mid-thigh

Describe the anatomical basis of femoral hernia.

A 66 year old man with a smoking history of one pack per day for the past 47 years presents with history of progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough, production of yellowish sputum for past 2 years. On examination, he has moderate respiratory distress and pursed lip breathing. He has a barrel chest and his neck veins are dilated. Lung examination reveals poor air entry bilaterally with moderate inspiratory and expiratory wheeze. Heart and abdominal examination are within normal limits. A chest X-ray was taken and a provisional diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease was made. a) Explain the relations of apex of lungs b) Enumerate the divisions and cells of Tracheo Bronchial tree c) Describe bronchopulmonary segment d) Briefly describe the histology of lung

Draw diagram of Circle of Willis

Vertebral level of inferior venacaval opening in the diaphragm

Name the dangerous layer of scalp.

Draw diagram of Section through middle of arm

The nerve injury which leads to winging of scapula.

Structures passing through aortic opening in the diaphragm

Name two dural folds

Draw diagram of Transverse section through middle of right thigh.

Describe the structure of chromosomes with classification. Explain any three structural anomalies of chromosomes

Two muscles having intracapsular origin

What forms posterior wall of rectus sheath below the arcuate line

Posterior wall of femoral sheath.

Explain the anatomical basis of wrist drop.

Draw diagram of Typical inter costal space

Describe the anatomical basis of ischemic heart disease.

Contents of femoral canal

Describe boundaries and contents of anatomical snuff box

Name two arteries of Coeliac trunk

Cutaneous nerve supply of lateral border of forearm.

Hindgut derivatives.

Draw diagram of Floor of fourth ventricle

Explain the various positions of vermiform appendix and its applied anatomy

Diagram showing medial longitudinal arch of foot.

Layers in a medium sized artery.

Name any four branches of brachial artery.

Draw diagram of Transverse section of the pons at the level of the facial colliculus

Dangerous layer of scalp.

Sulci and gyri of superolateral cerebral hemisphere.

Two muscles that produce plantar flexion

Draw diagram of Transverse section at T4 vertebral level

Briefly explain the intercostal muscles.

Draw diagram of Transverse section through the abdomen at the level of epiploic foramen T 12 vertebra

Describe the type and articular surfaces, ligaments, movements of Hip joint. Add a note on blood supply to head and neck of femur and its related clinical anatomy

Draw diagram of Anterior surface relations of right kidney

What contributes to posterior wall of inguinal canal

Stapedius attached to this structure.

Draw diagram of T. S. of thorax at T4 level

Draw diagram of nasal septum

Muscles supplied by superficial peroneal nerve.

Four nuclei present in the pons

Structures piercing thyrohyoid membrane

Describe the process of implantation and common abnormal sites of implantation

Vein crossing lateral to the arch of aota.

Level of lumbar puncture

Two events occurring at sternal angle.

Describe the principle of genetic counselling.

Describe the site and structures pierced while performing a lumbar puncture

Any two types of bone cells.

Describe fertilization and its results.

Name two bones derived from 2nd Pharyngeal arch

Structures in thorax causing normal oesophageal constrictions.

Explain the course, branches and clinical importance of dorsalis pedis artery

The nerve that continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm.

Root value of sciatic nerve.

Lateral wall of middle ear.

Two muscles supplied by anterior interosseous nerve

Mention the boundaries of epiploic foramen and its clinical anatomy.

Describe pancreas under the following headings: Development, blood supply and ducts of pancreas

Two features in the floor of inferior horn of lateral ventricle

External jugular vein formed by.

Derivatives of third pharyngeal pouch

Formation of carotid sheath.

Name the layers of the scalp. Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely. Which layer is considered the dangerous layer and why

Sixteen cells stage of embryo.

Two derivatives of first pharyngeal arch cartilage

Stages in the development of lung.

Explain the structural and functional differences between elastic and muscular arteries

Reflect on the following scenarios in the dissection hall: i) Placing anatomy books and dissection instruments on the cadaver ii) Taking pictures of tablemates around the cadaver table and uploading them on social media

Two Developmental sources of arch of aorta.

Anatomical basis of inability to close the right eye following surgery on right parotid gland.

Name two cranial nerves at Ponto medullary junction

Derivatives of second pharyngeal pouch.

Explain the anatomical basis of venous engorgements of anterior abdominal wall and anal canal in portal hypertension

Three superficial veins of upper limb.

Structures in the floor of popliteal fossa.

Derivatives of first pharyngeal pouch.

Types of Decidua

Describe the factors stabilizing the ankle joint.

Describe the supports of uterus and their clinical significance

Name the nerve and a muscle of third pharyngeal arch

Two derivatives of second pharyngeal arch cartilage.

Parts of placenta.

Components of basal nuclei

The two processes from which upper lip develops

Classify synovial joints with an example for each

Nerve passing superficial to the flexor retinaculum of hand.

Name two openings in middle meatus of nose

Name the muscles supplied by axillary nerve.

Draw a neat labelled diagram of Circle of Willis.

Draw a neat labelled diagram showing contents of superficial perineal pouch in males

Name the muscles supplied by ulnar nerve in the forearm

Describe briefly the process of cadaver maintenance in the Anatomy department.

Name the Sinuses opening into the Middle meatus

Vein present on the roof of cubital fossa.

Structures producing facial colliculus.

Muscles that form Tendo achilles.

Sources of development of arch of aorta.

Developmental source of ductus deferens

Reflect on the statement “Respect for Cadaver in the dissection hall”.

Describe the coverings and lobes of prostate. Add a note on microscopic structure of prostate

Name two structures passing through foramen ovale

Two cranial nerve nuclei in midbrain.

Nerves supplying digastric muscle

Name two contents of interpeduncular fossa.

Explain autosomal dominant inheritance in genetic diseases

Superomedial boundary of popliteal fossa.

Name the nerve passing through superficial inguinal ring

Nerve supply of Adductor Magnus Muscle.

Describe the correct procedure while handling cadavers.

Clinical importance of venous drainage of lower limb

Name the pericardial sinuses

Draw a neat labelled diagram of medulla oblongata at the level of olive.

Name two muscles of soft palate

Nerve passing underneath the flexor retinaculum of foot.

Point located at the junction between upper 2/3^rd and lower 1/3^rd of spinoumbilical line.

Describe the importance of communication skill in medical profession

Action of Lumbricals in the hand.

Any four derivatives of neural crest cells.

Name the type of fibers in corpus callosum.

Two tributaries of Azygos vein

Draw a neat labelled diagram of the anterior view of arteries supplying the heart.

Describe the muscles, nerves and vessels of anterior abdominal wall.

Name two cranial nerve nuclei in medulla oblongata.

Two bones forming major part of nasal septum.

Name the epithelium lining blood vessel.

What is the anteflexion angle of uterus

Broadmann’s area for auditory cortex.

Explain the surgical importance of thyroid gland

Structure which develops from left horn of sinus venosus.

Name two cranial nerve nuclei in lower part of pons

Stage of meiosis I at which oogenesis is arrested.

Types of neuroglial cells

Two modifications of spinal piamater

Structures present in tertiary villus of placenta.

Basal nuclei.

Two structures attached to Linea Aspera.

Two examples of pivot joint.

Name two complete sulci of cerebrum.

What is the root value of radial nerve

Anatomical basis of varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs

Name the fissures of liver

Nucleus receiving taste sensation.

Boundaries of transverse sinus of pericardium.

Name two unpaired laryngeal cartilages.

Explain the anatomical basis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Maternal and fetal contribution to development of placenta.

Two features of lateral wall of nasopharynx

Where does the left superior intercostal vein terminate into.

Derivatives of intraembryonic coelom

Contents of Alcock’s canal

Structure hooking ligamentum arteriosum.

Openings in the hiatus semilunaris.

The chamber of heart that forms the apex of heart.

Tributaries of coronary sinus of heart.

Vertebral level of termination of abdominal aorta.

Two superficial branches of femoral artery in the femoral triangle

Describe the arterial supply of heart. Add a note on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open into.

Structure producing aqueous humor.

Karyotype of Turner’s syndrome.

Four arteries from anterior division of internal iliac artery

Bony attachments of inguinal ligament.

Reflect on how to honor and extend gratitude to the cadaver as a Phase 1MBBS student

Example of atavistic epiphysis.

Area of supply of Chorda Tympani nerve

Name any two types of epiphysis.

Nerve compressed in Saturday night palsy

Name two cartilages of Larynx

Name two autosomal recessive disorders.

Developmental sources of diaphragm.

Vertebral levels of sternal angle and inferior angle of scapula.

Contents of hilum of left lung.

Structures passing through optic canal.

Name the chromosomal defect in the Down’s syndrome

Briefly explain the fetal circulation and changes taking place in a newborn after birth.

Most common position of vermiform appendix

Two branches of lumbar plexus with root value.

Sites of ectopic pregnancy.

Nerves supplying lateral rectus and medial rectus

Developmental sources of kidney.

Draw a neat labelled diagram of medulla oblongata at the level of sensory decussation

Two diseases showing autosomal dominant inheritance.

Components of choroid plexus

Types of cells seen in thymus.

Two characteristic features of typical thoracic vertebra

Two true ligaments of liver

Horizontal long bone.

Vertebral level of vena caval opening of diaphragm.

Two structures piercing Clavipectoral fascia.

Structures passing through Hilum of left lung.

Name two nerves related to posterior surface of kidney.

Two sites of occurrence of elastic cartilage

Describe the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of rectus femoris muscle.

Two types of cells present in main gastric glands.

Two muscles present in superficial perineal pouch.

Nerve and artery passing deep to inferior extensor retinaculum of foot.

Structures passing through the foramen ovale

Two branches of posterior division of internal iliac artery.

How should a medical practitioner communicate to patients.

Development and congenital anomalies of hindgut.

Origin, course and branches of superior mesenteric artery.

(A): The inferior parathyroid is derived from a more rostral pharyngeal pouch than the superior parathyroid. (R): The third pharyngeal pouch contributes to the development of the thyroid gland. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

(A): The axillary vein can freely expand during increased venous return (R): There is no or very thin axillary sheath around the axillary vein. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

(A): Skeletal muscle fibers are long cylindrical and multinucleated. (R): Each fiber is formed by the fusion of many myoblasts. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

(A): Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the lateral ventricles of the brain. (R): The choroid plexus is situated only in the lateral ventricles. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

(A): Dissection of lymph nodes near the subscapular artery may result in paralysis of the latissimus dorsi muscle. (R): The lower subscapular nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

Origin from neural crest: i. Schwann cells ii. Neural tube iii. Melanoblasts iv. Suprarenal medulla a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

In the arm i. Brachialis may be partly innervated by the radial nerve ii. The radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum above the origin of brachioradialis iii. The ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum below the insertion of coracobrachialis iv. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is given off by the radial nerve in the spiral groove a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

Regarding the microscopic structure of lymph node i. Cortex, paracortex and medulla can be recognised ii. An eccentric arteriole is present within the lymphatic nodules iii. A subcapsular sinus can be recognised iv. Malpighian corpuscles can be recognised a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

Stratified squamous nonkeratinised epithelium is found in i. Cornea ii. Epiglottis iii. Vasdeferens iv. Vocal cords a) i, ii, iii b) i, ii c) i, iv d) i, ii, iv

The nucleus tractus solitarius is concerned with the following cranial nerves i. Facial ii. Vestibulo-cochlear iii. Glossopharyngeal iv. Vagus a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

Simple squamous epithelium is found in a) Tonsil b) Thin skin c) Urinary bladder d) Endothelium

The only efferent from cerebellar cortex is a) Axons of Purkinje cells c) Dendrites of granule cells b) Axons of basket cells d) Axons of golgi cells

Part of fallopian tube where fertilization normally occurs a) Infundibulum b) Ampulla c) Isthmus d) Fimbriae

Incudostapedial joint is a type of a) Saddle b) Hinge c) Ball and Socket d) Condylar

Muscle that is NOT involved in flexion of elbow joint a) Biceps brachi b) Brachioradialis c) Brachialis d) Coracobrachialis

Assertion: Oogenesis begins in fetal life and then arrested until puberty. Reason: Final completion of meiosis II will happen only at the time of fertilization

Assertion: Cadaveric oath should be taken by every medical student before starting dissection. Reason: Cadaver should be handled with due respect

Assertion: Scalp injuries bleed profusely Reason: Dangerous layers of scalp is rich in arteries

Assertion: Lumbar puncture is done between L1 and L2 vertebra Reason: The dura and arachnoid along with subarachnoid space containing CSF extends upto 2nd sacral vertebra

Assertion: Loculation of pus will lead to extreme tenderness in the pulp spaces of hand. Reason: Pulp spaces are closed unyielding spaces which intervene between the palmar skin and distal phalanges of all the digits of hand.

True about lateral ventricle of brain are 1) Develops from diencephalon 2) Communicates with third ventricle through foramen of magendie 3) Inferior horn extends into the temporal lobe 4) Calcar avis is a feature in the posterior horn a) 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 3 c) 3, 4 d) 1, 2, 3

The endodermal germ layer gives rise to 1) Kidneys, gonads and their ducts 2) Epithelial lining of urinary bladder 3) Sensory epithelium of nose and eye 4) Epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and auditory tube a) 1, 3 b) 2, 4 c) 1, 4 d) 2, 3

Midbrain at the level of superior colliculus contains 1) Trochlear nucleus 2) Oculomotor nucleus 3) Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve 4) Red nucleus a) 1, 2, 4 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 2, 3, 4 d) 1, 2, 3

Features of X-linked recessive inheritance are 1) Both males and females can carry the affected gene 2) Only females are affected 3) Achondroplasia is an example 4) Hemophilia is an example a) 1, 3, 4 b) 2, 3 c) 1, 3 d) 1, 4

Following are the attachments of triceps brachi 1) Supraglenoid tubercle 2) Olecranon process 3) Coracoid process 4) Shaft of humerus a) 1, 2, 4 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 2, 4

Compression of the common peroneal nerve at the neck of the fibula will affect: 1) Eversion 2) Dorsiflexion 3) Sensations on the dorsum of the foot 4) Plantar flexion a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

Failure of differentiation of the individual organs derived from the embryonic foregut would cause malformation of which of the following organs 1) Gall bladder 2) Oesophagus 3) Stomach 4) Ascending colon a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

Regarding the joints of the thorax, the following are synovial joints 1) Manubriosternal 2) Sternoclavicular 3) 2nd to 7th Sternochondral 4) Xiphisternal a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

The phrenic nerves: 1) Arise from the cervical plexus roots 3, 4, 5 2) Gives sensory branches to the mediastinal and central diaphragmatic pleura 3) Enters the thorax by crossing the necks of the first ribs 4) Are the only motor nerves to the diaphragm a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

The thoracic duct returns lymph from 1) Left half of the body below the diaphragm 2) Right half of the body below the diaphragm 3) Left half of the body above the diaphragmiv 4) Right half of the body above the diaphragm a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

Assertion: Femoral shaft fractures can injure the profunda femoris artery Reason: The profunda femoris artery is in close proximity to the femoral shaft

Assertion: Pain from the ovary may be referred to the skin on the medial side of the thigh Reason: The obturator nerve supplies the parietal peritoneum adjacent to the ovary

Assertion: Peroneus longus muscle has effects on lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot. Reason: The tendon of the peroneus longus lies in the groove o

Assertion: While performing the Trendelenburg test, tilt of the pelvis is observed Reason: It tests the integrity of gluteus maximus

Assertion: Aspirated foreign bodies are lodged in the right principal bronchus. Reason: The right principal bronchus is shorter, wider and in line with the trachea

The fascia cleared during dissection will be deposited in a) Yellow bin b) Green bin c) Blue bin d) Red bin

Which of the following structures in female anatomy is homologous to the gubernaculum testis a) Uterine tube b) Ureter c) Labia minora d) Round ligament of the uterus

The intercostal nerves and vessels course between: a) Deep fascia and external intercostals c) Internal and innermost intercostals b) External and internal intercostals d) Innermost intercostals and endothoracic fascia

Classic liver lobules are described as hexagonal prisms that surround which of the following anatomic structures a) Central vein b) Hepatic artery c) Portal triad d) Portal vein

The most medial structure passing under the inferior extensor retinaculum of the foot is: a) Deep peroneal nerve c) Anterior tibial artery b) Tibialis anterior d) Peroneus brevis

All three germ layers are present in: a) Urachus b) Tympanic membrane c) Cornea d) Heart

The following muscle is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve a) Stylopharyngeus b) Palatopharyngeus c) Salpingopharyngeus d) Superior constrictor

Which of the following fixative is commonly used to preserve a cadaver a) Methanol b) Glycerine c) Toluidine blue d) Formalin

Red nucleus is present in: a) Midbrain at the level of superior colliculus b) Midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus c) Pons at the level of facial colliculus d) Medulla oblongata at the level of pyramidal decussation

Mitochondrial DNA in humans is: a) Exclusively inherited maternally b) Exclusively inherited paternally c) Inherited both paternally and maternally d) Not inherited

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about microscopic structure of palatine tonsil 1) Mucous membrane is lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. 2) Mucous acini are present 3) Hassall’s corpuscles are seen in medulla 4) Subcortical sinus is present a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 1, 2

Which of the following artery/arteries supply internal capsule 1) Pontine arteries 2) Anterior choroidal artery 3) Middle cerebral artery 4) Labyrinthine artery a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about sesamoid bones 1) They are bony nodules found in tendons or joint capsules 2) They ossify before birth 3) They have no periosteum 4) They help to minimize friction a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 1, 2

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about carotid sheath 1) Anteriorly related to ansa cervicalis. 2) Posteriorly related to cervical sympathetic chain 3) Extends from base of skull above to arch of aorta below 4) Thin over common carotid artery to allow expansion during increased venous return a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 2 c) 1, 4 d) 1, 2, 4

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about notochord 1) Forms the central axis of embryonic disc 2) Develops between prochordal plate & primitive streak from Hensen’s node 3) It’s remnants are seen in the form of annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs 4) Induces formation of neural tube a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3

A) Taste from the circumvallate papilla of tongue is carried by the chorda tympani nerve R) Circumvallate papilla is located in the anterior two third of dorsal surface of tongue a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A) Muscles of mastication are innervated by facial nerve R) Muscles of mastication develop from mesoderm of 1st pharyngeal arch. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A) Scalp wounds are painful but heal quickly. R) Scalp is richly supplied by sensory nerves and is highly vascular. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A) Third ventricle is bounded on either side by thalamus and hypothalamus R) Third ventricle develops from the cavity of mesencephalon a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A) Examination of breast in a case of breast carcinoma reveals peau d’orange appearance of skin R) Retraction of pits of hair follicles beneath edematous skin following blockage of lymphatics draining the skin. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Anterior cardiac veins open into coronary sinus R: Coronary sinus is the largest vein of the heart a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but B is incorrect b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Superolateral quadrant of gluteal region is a safe site for intramuscular injection R: Injection into the medial quadrants will endanger important nerves and vessels a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but B is incorrect b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Injury to tibial nerve results in foot drop R: Tibial nerve is a branch of sciatic nerve a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but B is incorrect b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Internal thoracic artery can be used for coronary bypass surgery R: Internal thoracic artery is a branch of ascending aorta a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but B is incorrect b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Pudendal nerve is related to the dorsal surface of ischial spine R: Pudendal nerve block is given during episiotomy suturing after vaginal delivery a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A c) A is correct but B is incorrect b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A d) A is incorrect but R is correct

The lining epithelium of uterine endometrium is a) Simple squamous b) Simple cuboidal c) Simple columnar d) Pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following pleura forms the pulmonary ligament a) Visceral b) Costal c) Diaphragmatic d) Mediastinal

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in a) Stomach b) Liver c) Small intestine d) Pancreas

Which one of the following bones is devoid of muscular attachments a) Talus b) Cuboid c) Calcaneum d) Navicular

All of the following are derived from hindgut EXCEPT: a) Rectum b) Appendix c) Descending colon d) Sigmoid colon

Branches arising from the posterior division of internal iliac artery are: 1) Internal pudendal 2) Iliolumbar 3) Lateral sacral 4) Superior gluteal a) 2, 4 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 1, 3 d) 2, 3, 4

Which of the following statement/s is/are true about rectum 1) The rectosigmoid junction corresponds to third sacral vertebra 2) Fascia of Waldeyer seperates the rectum from the urinary bladder 3) The inferior rectal valve is the largest and most constant 4) The puborectalis sling maintains the angulation at the anorectal junction a) 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 4 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 3, 4

Muscles inserted into the iliotibial tract are: 1) Biceps femoris 2) Tensor fascia lata 3) Gluteus medius 4) Gluteus maximus a) 1, 3 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 2, 3

In addition to aorta, structures passing through the aortic opening of diaphragm are: 1) Thoracic duct 2) Vagus nerve 3) Azygos vein 4) Hemiazygos vein a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 2, 4 c) 1, 3 d) 2, 4

Which of the following statement/s is/are true about thoracic duct 1) It begins at the lower border of T12 vertebra 2) It has a beaded appearance due to the presence of numerous valves 3) It is about 25 cm in length 4) Injury to the thoracic part of the duct may cause chylothorax a) 1, 3 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 4

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about cervical canal? i. Presents with arbor-vitae appearance in its interior ii. Extends from internal os to external os iii. In multiparous women the external os is vertical with right and left lips iv. Endocervix is lined by columnar epithelium a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

True about great saphenous vein is/are i. Superficial vein of lower limb ii. Terminates into femoral vein iii. Receives deep external pudendal vein iv. Passes in front of the lateral malleolus a) i, ii b) i, ii, iii c) i, iv d) i, iii

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about coeliac trunk? i. Arises as a dorsal branch of abdominal aorta ii. Arises at the level of T12-L1 junction iii. Gives rise to left gastric artery, splenic artery and common hepatic artery as its branches iv. Arises at the level of L3 vertebra a) i, ii, iii b) iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about the pectinate line of anal canal? i. Represents embryologically two different sources of development ii. Below the line the anal canal is supplied by inferior rectal vessels iii. Lymphatics from the anal canal inferior to the line drain into internal iliac nodes iv. Part of the anal canal superior to the line is insensitive to pain a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) i, ii

Which of the following statement/s is /are true about transverse sinus of pericardium? i. Anteriorly it is bounded by ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk ii. Posteriorly it is bounded by left atrium iii. During cardiac surgery it is used to ligate aorta and pulmonary trunk iv. Develops due to degeneration of dorsal mesocardium a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, iv c) i, ii, iv d) ii, iii

A: During sternal puncture a thick needle is inserted into upper part of manubrium sternum. R: Arch of aorta lies behind the lower part of manubrium sternum a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Lateral meniscus of knee is seldom injured in football players R: Fibular collateral ligament is not attached to the lateral meniscus a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Left ventricular hypertrophy is a feature of Fallot’s tetralogy of heart R: Pulmonary stenosis is also a feature of Fallot’s tetralogy of heart a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: The long head of biceps femoris is grouped under hamstrings. R: Long head of Biceps femoris originates from ischial tuberosity, inserted into fibula and is innervated by tibial component of sciatic nerve. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

A: Fluid collection in pouch of Douglas occurs in rupture of tubal pregnancy R: Fluid collected in the pouch of Douglas can be drained through posterior fornix of vagina a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A c) A is correct but R is incorrect d) A is incorrect but R is correct

Which of the following is used as an antifungal agent in the embalming fluid a) Thymol crystals b) Isopropyl alcohol c) Glycerine d) Eosin

Corpora amylacea is a microscopic feature seen in: a) Testis b) Prostate gland c) Epididymis d) Seminal vesicle

Ductus deferens develops from a) Mesonephric duct b) Paramesonephric duct c) Mullerian duct d) Gartner’s duct

Feature of interior of right atrium is: a) Trabeculae carneae b) Musculi pectinati c) Septomarginal trabeculae d) Moderator band

All are branches of superior mesenteric artery EXCEPT: a) Right colic b) Middle colic c) Left colic d) Ilio colic

Assertion: Popliteal artery pulsations can be felt in popliteal fossa Reason: Popliteal artery is located superficially in the popliteal fossa

Assertion: The prostatic part of male urethra is surrounded by proximal urethral sphincter mechanism Reason: Membranous part of male urethra is the least dilatable part of urethra

Assertion: The patella has the natural tendency to dislocate outwards because of the outward angulation between the long axes of thigh and leg Reason: Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

Assertion: The sinuses of pericardium are formed by the reflection of serous pericardium Reason: During cardiac surgery, the ligature is passed through the oblique sinus

Assertion: Diaphragm is supplied by Phrenic nerve with a root value of C3, C4, C5 Reason: Diaphragm develops from occipital myotomes