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RGUHS MBBS Biochemistry October 2025 (5506 CBME)

5506Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences · Biochemistry · 2025 · October · CBME

Questions (27)

  1. 1.Describe the metabolism of Tryptophan. Enumerate the specialized compounds formed from tryptophan and write their biomedical importance (OR) Mention the symptoms of Phenylketonuria. Discuss the tests used for diagnosis of Phenylketonuria. Enumerate the specialized compounds formed from tyrosine and write their biomedical importance
    10 Marks
  2. 2.Why uric acid tends to precipitate during the night time in peripheral joints and in alcohol consumption.
    3 Marks
  3. 3.Why number of tRNA required is less than the number of codons. Why Degeneracy of genetic code reduces the effect of mutations.
    3 Marks
  4. 4.2. Why RTPCR is better than Conventional PCR?
    3 Marks
  5. 5.Why presence of HbF in higher concentration is beneficial to the patients with Sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia
    3 Marks
  6. 6.Why are globulins increased in chronic liver disease but albumin is decreased? Why Edema is seen in Liver disease?
    3 Marks
  7. 7.A 3-year-old girl presents with poor growth, fatigue, pallor, macrocytic anemia. Despite treatment with Iron, B12 and folic acid, the anemia persists. Urine examination shows orotic acid. a) What is your probable diagnosis? b) Which enzyme is defective? c) How does uridine supplementation help in this disorder? How does this condition lead to macrocytic anemia? A 56 year old woman presents with swelling and pain in the first toe of the right foot. Her uric acid level was 8 mg/dL. Write the degradation of purine nucleotides.
    5 Marks
  8. 8.A 40-year-old woman presents with a breast lump. Biopsy shows overexpression of HER2/neu oncogene. a) What is this condition? b) Explain the role of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes in cancer development with suitable examples
    5 Marks
  9. 9.Explain the assessment of renal tubular function.
    5 Marks
  10. 10.Explain the formation and degradation of Bilirubin
    5 Marks
  11. 11.What are the different structural levels of proteins? Explain any two in detail
    5 Marks
  12. 12.Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
    5 Marks
  13. 13.Describe the structure of tRNA with functions.
    5 Marks
  14. 14.Explain post translational modifications.
    5 Marks
  15. 15.What are free radicals? Give examples. Explain the cellular damage caused by free radicals.
    5 Marks
  16. 16.Differentiate between Phase I and Phase II reactions in detoxification.
    5 Marks
  17. 17.Why is lifelong learning an essential commitment for a doctor, and how does it benefit both clinicians and society?
    5 Marks
  18. 18.A 25-year-old man develops shortness of breath. Genetic testing reveals α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
    (i) This deficiency predisposes to A. Emphysema B. Myocardial infarction C. Kwashiorkor D. Osteoporosis
    (ii) α1-antitrypsin normally inhibits A. Trypsin B. Elastase C. Pepsin D. Chymotrypsin
    2 Marks
  19. 19.A 2-year-old child presents with developmental delay, seizures, and a “mousy odor” of urine. Laboratory shows elevated phenylalanine.
    (i) The deficient enzyme is A. Tyrosinase B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase C. Homogentisate oxidase D. Tyrosine aminotransferase
    (ii) Which cofactor is required for this enzyme? A. Tetrahydrobiopterin B. Folic Acid C. TPP D. PLP
    2 Marks
  20. 20.A 2-year-old child presents with recurrent severe infections. Laboratory investigations shows lymphopenia and ↑ dATP levels.
    (i) The deficient enzyme is: A. Ribonucleotide reductase B. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) C. HGPRT D. Xanthine oxidase
    (ii) This condition is usually associated with A. Increased uric acid levels B. Decreased uric acid levels C. Increased Urea levels D. Increased Ammonia Levels
    2 Marks
  21. 21.A 3-year-old child presents with immunodeficiency and increased sensitivity to UV radiation associated with defective DNA repair.
    (i) The most likely condition is A. Ataxia Talangiectasia B. Fanconi Anemia C. Xeroderma Pigmentosum D. Bloom’s Syndrome
    (ii) Which clinical feature is commonly associated with this defective DNA repair? A. Hyperuricemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Liver cirrhosis D. Increased cancer susceptibility
    2 Marks
  22. 22.A researcher measures mRNA levels using RT-PCR.
    (i) What does RT stand for A. Rapid transcriptase B. Reverse transcriptase C. RNA tracking D. Ribosome targeting
    (ii) Purpose of RT-PCR is to A. Detect DNA by converting it to RNA and amplifying B. Detect RNA by converting it to cDNA and amplifying C. Detect Viral proteins D. Detect lipids
    2 Marks
  23. 23.A 45-year-old man presents with liver enlargement. Blood tests show elevated AFP levels
    (i) AFP is a tumor marker for which of the following tumor? A. Breast cancer B. Colon cancer C. Lung cancer D. Hepatocellular carcinoma
    (ii) AFP is also elevated in A. Prostate cancer B. Neural tube defect C. Congenital heart disease D. Renal failure
    2 Marks
  24. 24.A 25-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and neuropathy. Urine appears dark red on standing.
    (i) Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for Acute Intermittent Porphyria? A. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase B. Ferrochelatase C. Porphobilinogen deaminase D. ALA synthase
    (ii) Which substance/s is/are elevated in Acute Intermittent Porphyria? A. Heme B. Bilirubin C. Porphobilinogen and ALA D. Uroporphyrin
    2 Marks
  25. 25.A patient presents with pallor and jaundice. Laboratory investigations show elevated indirect bilirubin and LDH, with low haptoglobin.
    (i) What type of bilirubin predominates in hemolysis? A. Conjugated B. Unconjugated (indirect) C. Direct D. Delta bilirubin
    (ii) What is the observation in Vandenbergh reaction? A. Indirect Positive B. Direct positive C. Biphasic D. Negative
    2 Marks
  26. 26.55-year-old Diabetic patient has persistent microalbuminuria. eGFR is 82mL/min/1.73 m2
    (i) Which is the most appropriate interpretation? A. Early Diabetic Nephropathy B. Advanced CKD C. Renal Tubular acidosis D. Acute Glomerulonephritis
    (ii) Microalbuminuria refers to amount of excretion of albumin in urine A. 300-800 mg/day B. 30-300 mg/day C. 100-300 mg/day D. 500-1000 mg/day
    2 Marks
  27. 27.A patient potassium level is 6.8 mg/dL; however values are not correlating clinically.
    (i) What is the most likely cause? A. Sodium Citrate contamination B. Delayed sample transport C. Due to invitro RBC rupture D. High chloride interference
    (ii) All of the following parameters are affected by hemolysis EXCEPT A. LDH B. Potassium C. Magnesium D. Sodium
    2 Marks

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