Anatomy Previous Year Question Papers

The right gonadal vein drains into a) Inferior venacava b) Right renal vein c) Right internal iliac vein d) Common iliac vein

Which branch of the Common peroneal nerve? a) Tibialis anterior C b) Foot drop c) ls a branch of the femoral nerve d) Root value is L4,5 1,2; 3

The cephalic vein terminates by draining into which structure? a) Superior vena cava b) Brachiocephalic vein c) Axillary vein d) Basilic vein

Which of the following vein pierces clavipectoral fascia? a) Basilic vein b) Cephalic vein c) Axillary vein d) Brachial vein

The dangerous position of the appendix is a) Pre ileal b) Retrocaceal c) Pelvis d) Promontoric

Turner's syndrome is a) Monosomy of X chromosome A b) Monosomy of Y chromosome c) Trisomy of X chromosome d) Trisomy of Y chromosome

Which is not a characteristic feature of epithelium? a) Lines body cavities b) Highly vascular c) High capacity for regeneration d) Rests on basement membrane

Which of the layers of Scalp is called the dangerous layer? a) Superficial layer b) Epicranial aponeurosis c) Loose areolar tissue d) Pericranium

The muscle present between the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia a) Erector spinae b) Quadratus lumborum c) Psoas major d) lliacus

Which of the following have a X Linked recessive inheritance pattern? a) Male pattern baldness b) Sickle cell anaemia C c) Haemophilia d) Fragile X syndrome

All are true regarding Axillary artery except a) It is a continuation of Subclavian artery b) It is crossed by Pectoralis 1 muscle c) It extends from outer border of second rib to lower border of Teres minor d) 2nd part is posterior to Pectoralis minor

The inferior nasal concha is a) Individual bone b) Part of ethmoid bone c) Part of nasal bone d) Part of lacrimal bone

The safety muscle of the inguinal canal is a) External Oblique b) Internal Oblique c) Transverse abdominus d) Rectus abdominous

Colles’ fascia is a continuation of a) Carmper fascia D b) Fascia lata c) Buck fascia d) Scarpa fascia

What muscle does NOT make up the hypothenar eminence? a) Opponens pollicis b) Flexor digiti minimi brevis c) Abductor digiti minimi d) Palmaris brevis

The functional area 17 is present along the a) Parieto-occipital sulcus b) Cingulate sulcus c) Callosal sulcus d) Calearine sulcus

The inferior mesenteric artery is at the level of ____ vertebra. a) L1 b) L2 c) L3 d) L4

Posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen is formed by a) Right kidney b) Inferior vena cava B c) Right adrenal gland d) Portal vein

Which orbital wall is most likely to collapse in a “blow out" fracture? a) Roof b) Floor c) Medial wall d) Lateral wall

The right transverse sinus drains into a) Sigmoid sinus b) Superior sagittal sinus c) Straight sinus d) Inferior sagittal sinus

The ____ pierces the oblique popliteal ligament. a) Middle genicular vessels b) Superolateral genicular vessels c) Inferomedial genicular vessels d) Anterior genicular vessels

Which of the following bones DO NOT form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? a) Talus b) Navicular C c) Cuboid d) Medial cuneiform

What structure is NOT contained in the carpal tunnel? a) Flexor Digitorurm Longus b) Flexor Digitorum Profundus c) Median nerve d) Ulnar nerve

The cerebral aqueduct passes through a) Spinal cord b) Medulla oblongata c) Pons d) Midbrain

The inferior gemelli is supplied by a) Nerve to quadrates femoris b) Nerve to obturator-internus c) Pudendal nerve d) Inferior gluteal nerve

How many plantar interossei are seen in the sole of the foot? a) Two B b) Three c) Four d) Five

Which muscle is the initiator of shoulder abduction? a) Teres major b) Deltoid c) Infraspinatus d) Supraspinatus

Facial colliculus is a bulge due to the winding of the facial nerve around a) Trigeminal nucleus b) Abducent nucleus c) Facial nucleus d) Vestibulocochlear nucleus

The gluteus maximus causes of the hip joint. a) Extension b) Flexion c) Adduction d) Abduction

All are true regarding external haemorrhoids EXCEPT a) Are below pectinate line B b) Are often painless c) Covered by skin d) Are due to thrombosis of external rectal plexus

Which of the following muscles of the tongue is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus? a) Vertical muscles b) Palatoglossus c) Styloglossus d) Hyoglossus

The summit of the lateral longitudinal arch is formed by a) Cuboid b) Caleaneum c) 4th metatarsal d) Sth metatarsal

The muscle that is NOT inserted in the Perineal body is a) Bulbospongiosus D b) External anal sphincter c) Superficial transverse perineal d) Ischiocavernosus

All of the following are branches of the Subclavian artery except: a) Superior intercostal b) Vertebral c) Thyrocervical trunk d) Internal thoracic

Beta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a) Glucagon b) Insulin c) Somatostatin d) Serotonin

All are contents of Pudendal canal EXCEPT a) Internal pudendal artery D b) Internal pudendal vein c) Pelvic plexus d) Nerve to the obturator internus

Anterior division of the Mandibular nerve supplies all of the following except a) Temporalis b) Medial pterygoid c) Lateral pterygoid d) Masseter

Brunners gland is present in a) Appendix b) Hleuirn c) Jejunum d) Duodenum

Oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at____vertebral level a) T8 b) T9 c) T10 C d) L1

Maxillary nerve exits the middle cranial fossa through a) Foramen magnum b) Foramen ovale c) Inferior orbital fissure d) Foramen rotundum

The nephron is developed from a) Pronephros b) Mesonephros c) Metanephros d) Para mesonephros

Chylothorax may be due to injury to a) Azygos vein b) Pylorus of Stomach c) Thoracic duct C d) Oesophagus

Superior colliculi of the midbrain are involved in a) Smell perception b) Vision c) Speech d) Memory

The gonads develop from a) Paraxial mesoderm b) Intermediate mesoderm c) Lateral plate mesoderm d) Somatopleuric mesoderm

Typical intercostal nerves are a) 3rd to 6th A b) 1st & 2nd c) 7th to 9th d) 10th & 11th

Temporal pole of the brain receives arterial supply from____ the cerebral artery a) Anterior b) Posterior c) Internal d) Middle

The karyotype XXY refers to a) Turner syndrome b) Cri-du-chat syndrome c) Edward syndrome d) Klinefelter syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a content of Posterior mediastinum? a) Azygos vein b) Oesophagus c) Phrenic nerve C d) Vagus nerve

Filum terminale is a filament of a) Dura mater b) Pia mater c) Arachnoid mater d) All the above

Consanguinity is seen in ____ inheritance. A) Autosomal dominant b) Autosomal recessive c) Y linked d) Mitochondrial

Costal pleura crosses____ rib in the midaxillary line a) 6th b) 8th c) 10th C d) 12th

Primary motor area is_____ area of Brodmann a) 28 b) 6 c) 4 d) 3

Azygos vein

Neural crest cells

Histology of pancreas

Describe the knee joint under following a. Formation b. Ligaments c. Relations d. Applied anatomy

Describe the rectum under following a. Morphology b. Relations c. Blood supply d. Applied anatomy

Ischial tuberocity

Plural recesses

Intercostal nerve

Histology of gall bladder

Medial malleolus

Openings of diaphragm

Describe the SCALP under the following headings: a. Layers b. Blood supply c. Nerve supply d. Applied aspect

Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: a. Type with articulating bones b. Capsule & ligaments c. Movements with muscles involved d. Applied aspects

Laryngeal cavity

Supero lateral surface of cerebrum

Histology of lymph node

Middle ear cavity

Subarachnoid cisterns

Claw hand deformity

Corpus luteum

An old man fall from height with an outstretched hand and developed pain and swelling in the hand. X-ray showed fracture of scaphoid bone a. Mention the common site of fracture b. Mention its blood supply with clinical importance c. Name the bones articulating with scaphoid

Cross section of mid brain at superior colliculus level

Microscopic structure of the spleen

Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of Stomach.

Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: a) Type b) Articulating surfaces c) Relations d) Ligaments e) Movements and f) Applied aspects

Midpalmar space

Describe the boundaries and contents of the Cubital fossa.

Arch of Aorta.

Describe the Elbow joint under the following headings: Type of the joint, Articulating bones and surfaces, Arterial anastomosis around it, Movements and muscles causing movements in the joint Applied anatomy

Describe the uterus under the following headings: a) Gross anatomy b) Supports c) Blood supply d) Lymphatic drainage and e) Applied aspects

Describe the anatomy of the Liver under the following headings: a) Location, Borders, and Surfaces b) Ligaments & Relations c) Blood supply d) Classification e) Applied anatomy

Describe in detail the femoral triangle under the following headings: a) Location b) Boundaries c) Contents d) Femoral sheath e) Add a note on femoral hernia

Describe the Thyroid gland under the following headings: a) Location b) Coverings c) Parts d) Relations e) Blood supply and f) Applied aspects

Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb under the following headings: a) Great saphenous vein b) Short saphenous vein c) Valves and perforators d) Deep venous system

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart. Add a note on their clinical anatomy.

A 40-year-old male was admitted to the casualty with complaints of marked oedema of eyelids, pain during movements of the eyeball, and a history of a sharp cut in his right upper lip. MRI scan of the brain revealed cavernous sinus thrombosis. Based on the above clinical scenario, explain the dangerous area of the face and the root of spread of infection.

Classify joints with examples.

A 50-year-old female was admitted to the surgery ward with a complaint of swelling in the medial side of her right thigh. On examination, it is reducible and is located downward and lateral to the pubic tubercle. Based on the clinical scenario, answer the following: Name the clinical condition and name the boundaries of the relevant opening.

A 44-year-old lady visits a Gynecology OPD with complaints of a mass felt at the vagina whenever she passes urine. On examination, the gynecologist notices that the uterus is visible through the vagina and a diagnosis of uterus prolapse is made. Describe the Supports of the Uterus.

Describe the origin, insertion, actions, and nerve supply of hamstring muscles.

Rima glottidis

Describe the histology of hyaline cartilage. Compare it with Fibro cartilage.

Describe the formation, course, important relations, and branches of the Sciatic nerve.

Describe the stages and salient differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.

Typical intercostal nerve

Microscopy of suprarenal glands.

Describe the bed of the stamach.

Anastomoses around the elbow

Describe the attachments and relations of the Deltoid muscle.

Venous drainage of the heart

A 30-year-old male came to the emergency department with pain abdomen, vomiting, and blood in the urine since 24 hours. On physical examination and ultrasound examination, it was revealed that the patient is having renal stones in the right kidney. Describe the anterior and posterior relations of the Right Kidney.

Neat labeled diagram of a section of Medulla Oblongata at Pyramidal decussation

Mediastinal surface of the left lung

Development of Liver.

Speech centers of the brain

A 16-year-old boy was brought to OPD with complaints of on-and-off bleeding from his nose for three years, especially in summer. There were no other complaints and the clinical examination was unremarkable. Describe the arterial and venous drainage of the part affected.

Marginal artery of Drummond

Compare and contrast Down's, Edward's, and Patau syndromes.

Describe the pelvic diaphragm.

Meninges of the spinal cord

Describe the boundaries and contents of the Carotid Triangle.

Describe autosomal dominant inheritance with examples.

Fibrous joints

Describe the Circle of Willis.

Nerve supply and blood supply of Parietal pleura.

Describe the Supero-medial surface of the brain.

Describe the histology of the Testis.

Somites

Describe the Internal capsule of the brain.

Describe the origin, course, and branches of the Internal iliac artery.

Describe the pancreas under the following headings a. Gross features b. Relations c. Blood supply d. Lymphatic drainage e. Applied aspect

Peritoneal pouches related to uterus

Abdominal aorta

Guy ropes muscles - origin, insertion and nerve supply

Development of testis

Microanatomy of lung

A patient came with the complaint of difficulty in breathing with chest pain. X-ray showed enlarged heart shadow. Echocardiography shows Right atrial enlargement a. Name the clinical condition causing right atrial enlargement b. What could be the complication of right auricular thrombus c. Mention the veins opening into the right atrium

Popliteal fossa.

Ischio-rectal fossa

Cubital fossa

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

Blood supply of a long bone.

Epiploic foramen

Great saphenous vein.

Implantation

Medial longitudinal arch of foot

Superficial perineal pouch

Tympanic membrane

Wrist drop

Describe the Brachial Plexus under following headings a) Formation b) Relations c) Branches d) Add a Applied Anatomy

Classify the dural venous sinuses. Describe the cavernous sinus under the following headings • Situation and extent • Relations • tributaries and communications • applied anatomy

Histology of Thymus

Formation and Fate of Notochord

Microscopic structure of thymus

Superficial palmar arch

Femoral triangle.

Nasopharynx.

Flexor retinaculum of hand.

Branches of External Carotid artery.

Dorsalis pedis Artery

Sternal angle

Developmental sources of interatrial septum.

Describe the mammary gland under a) Morphology b) Mammary bed c) Blood supply d) Applied anatomy

Enumerate the cranial nerves in order. Describe the course, branches and applied anatomy of facial nerve

Describe the pancreas under the following headings: a. Parts b. Relations c. Blood supply d. Applied anatomy

Describe the hip joint under the following headings: a) Articular surfaces and ligaments b) Relations c) Movements d) Applied Anatomy

Neurons

Supports of the Uterus.

Radio-ulnar joints.

Describe the supports of uterus

Perineal pouches.

Development of bones

Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland

Serratus anterior

Development of tongue

Genetic counselling

Ligaments of knee joint.

Describe the technique of karyotyping with its applications.

Intra-embryonic mesoderm

Digastric triangle

Axillary nerve

Decidua

Boundaries and contents of carotid triangle.

Histology of appendix

Spermatic cord

Histology of parotid gland

Superficial inguinal group of Lymph nodes

Extraocular muscles.

Rectus abdominis muscle

Histology of loose areolar tissue

Jugular foramen

White fibres of brain

Sinuses of pericardium

Anatomical basis of claw hand.

Describe the microscopic structure of thin skin

Ligaments of urinary bladder

Pleura

Describe the formation and fate of notochord

Formation and fate of primitive streak.

Development of thyroid gland.

Descent of testis

Adipose tissue

Explain the attachments, nerve supply and actions of extra ocular muscles of eyeball.

Development of pituitary gland

Gluteus maximus

Draw a neat labeled diagram of Cross section at middle of leg.

Transitional epithelium

Histology of Testis.

Draw diagram of Floor of 4th ventricle.

Draw diagram of Transverse section through knee joint

Draw diagram of Transverse section of medulla at the level of motor decussation.

Two contents of quadrangular space

Draw diagram of Transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus

Draw diagram of Horizontal section through abdomen at the level of L1 vertebra.

Draw diagram of Sterno costal surface of heart

Draw diagram of Medial surface of left lung

Draw diagram of Median section through male pelvis.

Derivatives of diencephalon.

Describe the boundaries and contents of superior mediastinum

Draw a neat labelled diagram of mediastinal surface of right lung

Ligaments of Spleen

Draw a neat labelled diagram of medulla oblongata at the level of sensory decussation

Draw a neat labelled diagram of relations of anterior surface of right and left kidneys.

A 60 years old hypertensive developed sudden paralysis of the left side of his body. On examination he had 'increased muscle tone', exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and positive Babinski’s sign on the affected side. Answer the following questions: • Name the parts of internal capsule and the part in which the lesion is likely to be situated • Enumerate the fibre constituents of each part of the internal capsule • Which is the most commonly ruptured artery in the cerebral hemisphere. • Describe the blood supply of internal capsule

A 45-year-old man was brought to the casualty following fall from a tree. On examination it was found that there was clawing of little and ring fingers and sensory loss along the medial part of forearm. Brachial plexus injury was diagnosed. a) Name the part of brachial plexus that is involved in this patient b) Formation of trunks and cords of brachial plexus c) Branches from the cords of brachial plexus mentioning the root value of each branch d) Add a note on Erb’s point (1+2+5+2) Short essays

The ovum is surrounded by a non-cellular layer known as the: a) Corona radiata b) Theca folliculi c) Zona pellucida d) Cumulus oophorus

A 50 year old traffic police man came to a surgeon with a complaint of swollen vessels in the leg which appears prominent on standing for long periods. On examination it was found to be superficial veins of lower limb involved • What is the name of this condition and which are the vessels involved. • What is the test performed in this condition • Describe the origin course and termination of these vessels • What is the communication between superficial and deep veins and their role in venous drainage of lower limb

A 55-year-old female presented to general surgery outpatient department with pain in left axilla and swelling of left upper limb. On clinical examination the surgeon noted the presence of few enlarged swellings in her left axilla and a swelling in upper lateral quadrant of her left breast. With your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following questions. a) Which group of axillary lymph nodes could be enlarged in this patient. b) Describe the anatomical groups of axillary lymph nodes and specify their areas of drainage. c) Describe the lymphatic drainage of mammary gland d) Enumerate the boundaries and contents of axilla.

Describe the Scalp under the following headings: a) Layers of scalp b) Blood supply c) Nerve supply d) Applied Anatomy

Describe the Right lung under the following headings: a. Bronchopulmonary segments b. Root of lung c. Nerve supply and blood supply d. Development

A 50-year-old man presented with a history of rapidly growing painful swelling on the face below the ear lobule on the left side. On examination the left ear lobule was found to be lifted by the swelling. There was an inability to close the left eye and to blow the cheek. The angle of mouth was deviated to the right side. a) Name the surfaces, borders and structures related to the affected organ b) Give the nerve supply of the organ c) Correlate the symptoms seen in relation to the anatomical structures

A 62-year-old male patient presents with jaundice, dark urine and pain in the right hypochondriac region. Ultrasound abdomen reveals enlargement of the organ present in right hypochondrium, extending to epigastric and left hypochondrium. Clinical investigation revealed elevated enzymes and altered function from this organ. a) Name the parts and peritoneal folds of the organ likely to be affected in the patient. b) Describe the relations of posterior and inferior surface of this organ. c) Describe the blood supply and microscopic structure of the organ affected.

Describe liver under a) Location and extent b) Gross features c) Visceral relations d) Peritoneal folds e) Arterial supply

Describe the Hip joint under the following headings: a) Type and articulating bones b) Capsule and ligaments c) Movements and muscles producing them d) Blood supply and Nerve supply e) Applied Anatomy

A 35-year-old rowdy sheeter involved in a fight received a deep cut in the middle of the back of his right arm. He was bleeding profusely and was rushed to the hospital. a) Which nerve and artery at this site are in danger of injury. b) What is the origin and termination of this artery. c) How will you assess the functional integrity of the nerve in this case. d) Which part of the brachial plexus gives origin to this nerve and which other nerves arise from this part. e) Give the motor distribution and cutaneous branches of this nerve.

Describe the parotid gland under the following headings: a. Borders and surfaces b. Relations c. Nerve supply d. Applied anatomy

Describe facial nerve under the following headings: a) Functional components b) Course c) Branches and distribution d) Applied Anatomy

A middle aged male patient complained of low back pain radiating to leg on right side and numbness and weakness in various parts of leg and foot. The condition was diagnosed as sciatica. With your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions • Describe the root value, formation and course of sciatic nerve • Name the functional groups of muscles innervated by this nerve and its branches at various levels. • Name the cutaneous branches of this nerve at various levels along its course.

A 60-year-old lady was brought to the casuality following a history of fall at her residence. On clinical examination, the anatomical orientation of her right lower limb was disturbed. X-ray showed posterior dislocation of her right hip joint. With your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions. • Name the nerve which can be injured in this patient. • Give the root value of the nerve. • Name one clinical procedure that can cause injury to this nerve. • Describe the course of this nerve. • Name the branches of this nerve and the muscles supplied by those branches.

An 80 years old lady had a fall and on examinations had pain and swelling in the left hip region with restriction of movements of hip joint. X-ray revealed fracture of neck of femur. Answer the following questions: • Mention the features of the articulating regions of the bones forming hip joint • Name the ligaments of the joint with its attachments • List the movements of the joint mentioning the muscles which produce them • Mention the blood supply of the joint • Mention the complications, possible to develop in the above patient

A 65-year-old man who was Chronic Smoker and Tobacco chewer for past 15 years, came to hospital with ulcerated lesion on the anterior part of the Tongue, which bleeds on touch. He was unable to swallow and foul smell was emitting from his mouth. O/E he had enlarged Submandibular and lower cervical lymph nodes. He was diagnosed with Carcinoma of the Tongue a) Based on anatomical knowledge, what are the external features of Tongue b) Name the muscles of tongue with their nerve supply c) Describe the Blood supply and Lymphatic drainage of Tongue d) Explain the development of tongue

A patient was brought with complaints of inability to abduct the right arm. On inspection, bulging in the upper part of the arm was observed a) Name the joint involved b) Write on the ligaments of the joint c) Write on the relations of the joint d) Write on the movements of the joint with muscles helping in the movements

A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain at the shoulder joint. Answer the following questions:  Name the bones forming the joint  ligaments  movements and muscles causing them  blood supply  nerve supply  applied aspects

Root value of axillary nerve a) C5, C6 b) C5, C6, C7 c) C6, C7, C8 d) C5-T1

Describe the hip joint under the following headings a) Type of joint, bones forming the joint & articular surfaces b) Ligaments, relations, movements and muscles involved, blood supply c) Applied anatomy Reasoning questions

A 45-year old male was brought to the casuality following a road traffic accident. He had pain and swelling over his right arm. On clinical examination it was found that he was unable to extend his right wrist joint and joints of his right hand and also sensory loss on dorsum of right hand. X-ray of his right arm showed fracture shaft of humerus. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions. • Name the nerve injured in this patient. • Give the root value of the nerve. • Describe the course of the nerve. • Name the branches given off by the nerve specifying the sites of origin. • What is the reason behind the patient’s inability to extend wrist joint and other joints of right hand.

A 60-year-old male known hypertensive is on antihypertensive drug for 5 years, wakes up in the morning and notices difficulty in moving his right limbs. He was brought to emergency department. Neurological examination revealed right sided hemiplegia. CT scan revealed hemorrhage in the posterior limb of the left internal capsule. • Name the blood vessel responsible for the haemorrhage. • Discuss the white matter of cerebrum. • Parts and fibres of internal capsule. • Blood supply of internal capsule.

A 50 years old man came to the casualty with complaints of pain in the abdomen. Diagnostic tests revealed abnormal liver function tests. Answer the following: • extent and parts of liver • relations • peritoneal reflections • blood supply • applied aspects

Classify white fibers of Cerebral Hemisphere. Give an account of internal capsule under the following headings: a) Relations b) Blood Supply c) Applied Anatomy

A 12 year old boy was brought to the casualty with complaints of fever, vomiting and periumbilical abdominal pain. On examination, his abdomen was rigid and there was tenderness at the Mc. Burney’s point. a) Name the parts and peritoneal folds of the organ likely to be affected in the boy b) What are the various positions of the organ c) Where is Mc. Burney’s point d) Describe the blood supply and microscopic structures of the organ affected

A 40-year-old patient presents with a palpable pulsation on the left side of her chest. Upon examination, it is found that the pulsation is localized to the left fifth intercostal space 9cm lateral to the sternum. a) What is the term used to describe this pulsation. b) Name the chamber of heart which causes this palpable pulsation c) Explain the external features and internal features of this chamber of heart d) Describe the blood supply of this chamber of heart

A 20-year-old male had applied for selection into defence academy in India. His application was rejected during physical examination on the grounds of Bilateral Flat Foot. a) What is the anatomical basis of flat foot. b) Classify arches of foot. c) What are the components and features of each type of arches of foot. d) What are the factors that maintain the arches of foot

Describe the median nerve under following headings a) Origin & root value b) Course & relations c) Branches & distribution

An 18-year-old boy was hit down by car while walking on the road and sustained injury to his right knee joint. He visited to orthopaedic clinic with complaints of pain, swelling and while walking his right knee is giving out (instability). On examination, soft tissue swelling and tenderness present around right knee joint. Lachman test was performed and shows abnormal forward & backward movement of right tibia. With your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions related to knee joint. • Describe the articular surfaces of knee joint. • Describe the ligaments of knee joint. • Name the structure(s) that maintain the anteroposterior stability of knee joint. • What is locking and unlocking of knee joint. • Nerves that supply knee joint

A 20 years old female underwent right sided mastoidectomy following which she developed weakness of facial muscles on that side. There was also impairment of taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue on the same side. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions: • Name the structure involved during surgery that would have led to the symptoms in this patient. • Name all the nuclei in the brain stem which are concerned with this structure • Describe the intracranial, intra petrous and extra cranial course of the structure. • Name its branches at different levels

A 60 years old multiparous woman came to hospital with complaints of mass descending per vaginum. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions. • Name the clinical condition. • Describe the parts, normal position, relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of uterus. • Describe the supports of uterus.

Describe the Hip joint under the following headings: a) Type and articulating bones b) Fibrous capsule and ligaments c) Movements and muscles producing them d) Applied Anatomy

A 70-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing swelling below the ear lobule on the left side. The left ear lobule is lifted due to swelling. The person was unable to close the left eye and blow his mouth. Angle of mouth deviated to right side. • Which is the gland enlarged • What major structures pass through this gland • Name the surfaces and relations of this gland. • Which nerve is involved in this case. Give the extra cranial distribution by this nerve.

A 15-year-old boy came with Altered Gait to the OPD after intramuscular Injection in the right buttock. On examination, he was found to be having Foot drop on the right side. a) Based on the above case what is the Anatomical reason for the Boy’s condition b) Describe the origin, insertion and Nerve supply of Gluteus maximus c) What are structures under the cover of Gluteus maximus d) Anatomical basis of Trendelenburg sign

There was a posterior dislocation of hip joint in a 30-year old man injuring his sciatic nerve. Answer the following regarding hip joint. a) Name the bones articulating b) Ligaments c) Movements & muscles causing them d) Nerve supply e) Applied aspects

A 30-year-old man came with history of upper abdominal pain and vomiting. On examination tenderness in the epigastric region was noted. a) Which is the organ involved b) Write about the external features of the organ c) Write about the peritoneal and visceral relations of the organ d) Write on the blood supply of the organ

During an abdominal surgery, the doctor observed a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding the duodenum and obstructing it. Describe pancreas under a) Gross features b) Relations, c) Development d) Microscopic structure

Cystic artery is a branch of a) Right hepatic artery b) Left hepatic artery c) Coeliac trunk d) Common hepatic artery

A 70 – year old man presented with a swelling in the inguinal region on both the sides. He had cough since two months. The swelling reduces on rest and bulges on coughing. a) Which is the canal through which swelling is appearing. b) Write about boundaries of the canal and contents of the canal c) What are the factors which prevents the swelling in the normal individuals d) Write on Hesselbach’s triangle.

Describe the Tongue under the following headings: a) Muscles b) Nerve supply c) Development d) Lymphatic drainage

A 2-month old male child was brought to the hospital since the mother noticed the left scrotum of the boy was empty. On examination it was noticed that the right testis was in the scrotum. A swelling of 1.5 cm diameter was noted in the left inguinal region. On ultrasound examination it was confirmed that the left testis was in inguinal canal. • Mention any two conditions resulting in empty scrotum in newborn. • Describe the development and descent of testis. • Coverings of testis. • Microscopic structure of testis

A 39-year-old female presents to the clinic for a routine health maintenance exam. The patient reports she is feeling nervous and anxious all the time with frequent palpitations, diarrhea and has been losing weight. She has also noticed a change in hair and fingernail. She frequently feels warm while others are cold or comfortable. On examination her heart rate is 110 beats per minute. She has a slight tremor and has increased reflexes in all extremities. A nontender thyroid enlargement is appreciated in the thyroid region. She was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism after biochemical tests. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following a) Parts and relations of thyroid gland. b) Blood supply of thyroid gland. c) Explain the embryological basis for possible abnormal locations of the thyroid gland. d) Microscopic structure of thyroid gland.

A painter experienced difficulty in raising the right arm upwards. The physician asked the patient to press his hands against the wall in front. It was found that the medial border and inferior angle of right scapula became prominent. • Name the muscle tested in this person to detect the injury to which nerve. • What is the name of the deformity. • What is the origin and root value of this nerve. How this nerve gets damaged • What are the attachments and actions of this muscle.

A 35 year – old female came with a history of swelling below the ear lobule on right side. The swelling was associated with pain. a) Which is the structure involved. b) What are the coverings, surfaces and borders of the structure. c) What are the structures passing through it. d) Write the secretomotor pathway of the structure.

Unlocking of knee is initiated by a) Gastrocnemius b) Soleus c) Popliteus d) Tibialis posterior

A 55-year-old male brought to the emergency department with complaints of severe squeezing chest pain, breathing difficulty, sweating and pain along the inner aspect of left upper limb. After taking an electrocardiogram a provisional diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was made. Apply your knowledge in anatomy and answer the following questions related to coronary artery. • Describe the origin, course, relations and branches of left coronary artery. • Describe the arterial supply of conducting system of heart. • Describe the venous drainage of heart. • Name two arteries supplying the heart most commonly involved in ischemic heart disease.

A 65-year-old man with chronic history of cough and constipation complained he noticed a gradually increasing swelling in the right groin and feels a dragging sensation at that site. On examination, it was noticed a globular swelling above the pubic tubercle which increased in size on coughing. The patient was diagnosed to have Inguinal hernia a) Based on the anatomical knowledge, what are the reasons for swellings in the groin region b) What are the boundaries of Inguinal canal c) What are the contents of Inguinal canal d) What are factors which maintain the Integrity of Inguinal canal e) What is Hesselbach’s triangle

Describe the Shoulder joint under the subheadings of a) Type of joint b) Articulating surfaces c) Ligaments d) Movements and muscles causing them e) Applied anatomy

A 30 years old female visited to the surgical outpatient department with complaints of pain and swelling in the lower part of front of neck. On examination the swelling moves with deglutition. Based on the history and clinical examination a provisional diagnosis of thyroid swelling was made. With your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions related to thyroid gland. • Reason for thyroid swelling moves with deglutition. • Describe the parts, coverings, relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of thyroid gland. • Microstructure of thyroid gland.

Describe the kidney under: a) Position b) External features c) Peritoneal & visceral relations d) Blood supply e) Nerve supply f) Lymphatic drainage g) Applied anatomy

Describe the Arch of aorta under the following headings. a) Relations b) Development c) Microscopic anatomy d) Applied anatomy

Otic ganglion.

Describe the steps of fertilization and its effects.

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint a) Humeroulnar joint b) Intervertebral disc joint c) Cranial sutural joint d) Tibiotalar joint

Placenta

Describe mediastinum under the following heading • Boundaries • Divisions • Contents • Clinical implications.

Describe shoulder joint under the following headings: a) Type of joint b) Articular surfaces c) Capsule and ligaments d) Movements and muscles producing those movements, and e) Applied anatomy

Describe the kidney under the following headings • Anterior relations • Coverings • Microscopic structure • Anatomical structures encountered in succession in surgical exposure by lumbar route

Extraocular muscles of eyeball- Attachments, nerve supply, action.

1. A 20-gauge spinal needle is placed through the vagina to assess whether there is blood in the peritoneal cavity. Which peritoneal pouch describes the most dependent part of the peritoneum of female pelvis? Give its boundaries?

Describe the Uterus under the following headings: a) Development of uterus with Its anomalies b) Normal Anatomical Position c) Supports of Uterus d) Blood supply and Nerve supply e) Applied Anatomy

Classify joints. Give the structure of synovial joint with an example.

Describe the radial nerve in the arm under the following headings a. Course b. Relations c. Distribution d. Applied anatomy

A 45 year old female, presented to OPD with complaints of pricking type of pain over the left half of face. The pain would aggravate on washing face, eating and swallowing. A diagnosis of tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia) was made.

A 32-year-old male is admitted to the emergency department with groin pain. Examination reveals that the patient has an indirect inguinal hernia. Surgical repair was undertaken

Describe the Parotid gland under the following headings: Shape and location of the gland, Relations, Nerve supply including secretomotor pathway of-the gland, Blood supply, Clinical anatomy

Describe cubital fossa under following headings. • Boundaries • Contents • Clinical importance

A 36 year-old male after a weekend party came home and slept off seated on a chair, with his right arm over the back of the chair all through the night. Next day he experienced difficulty in some movements of his wrist and fingers of right limb and sensory disturbances over a small area in the lateral part of dorsum of right hand.

Development of right atrium

Describe the Anal canal under the following Headings a) Extent of the Canal b) Interior features of the Anal canal c) Blood and Nerve supply of the Anal canal d) Anatomical basis of haemorrhoids

Formation of placenta

Hairpin loops of the nutrient artery are observed in which of the following body parts of along bone? a) Epiphysis b) Metaphysis c) Diaphysis d) Periosteum

Explain the anatomical basis of enlargement of superficial inguinal lymph nodes in carcinoma of anal canal

Describe the intracapsular structures of knee joint. Explain the clinical importance of any two of them.

A 43-year-old fair lady reported to surgery outpatient department with a history of intense pain in the upper-right side of the abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, that steadily increases for approximately 30 minutes to several hours. She also had pain between the shoulder blades or below the right shoulder. She could correlate the attacks often occurred after a particularly fatty meal and almost always happen at night. Other symptoms included abdominal bloating, intolerance of fatty foods, belching, gas, and indigestion. On examination, Murphy’s sign was positive liver function tests were mildly abnormal. Ultrasound revealed presence of stones in gall bladder. • What is murphy’s sign. • Gross anatomy of extrahepatic biliary apparatus with neat labelled diagram. • Arterial supply of extrahepatic biliary apparatus. • Histology of gall bladder with neat labelled diagram. • Relations of the inferior surface of liver

Cavernous sinus

A 35 year old man noticed a gradually increasing swelling in the right groin. After manually reducing the swelling the surgeon occluded the deep inguinal ring with the thumb and then asked the patient to cough.The swelling was prevented to come out which was suggestive of indirect inguinal hernia.

Describe the derivatives of Intraembryonic mesoderm.

Sphincter urethra is content of a) deep perineal pouch b) superficial perineal pouch c) Both a and b d) Neither a orb

Describe Typical Intercostal Space under the following headings:- (a) Muscles (b) Bloodvessels (c) Nerve (d) Applied importance

Explain the anatomical basis of Triangle of Koch which is considered as important surgical landmark. Explain its boundaries.

Describe the stomach under the following headings: a) Morphology and parts b) Relations c) Blood supply d) Lymphatic drainage

Thoracic diaphragm

Describe the Heart under the following headings:- a) External features - Surfaces, borders and grooves and sulcus with their contents b) Describe the blood supply of the heart c) Add a note on the coronary dominance d) Applied anatomy

A 10 year-old boy was admitted in the hospital with complaints of jaundice, itchy skin, vomiting and pale fatty stools. CT revealed pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum.

Extra ocular muscles

Internal capsule of brain

Which part of primitive heart is continuous cranially with the aortic sac a) Bulbus cordis b) Primitive ventricle c) Sinus venosus d) Primitive atrium

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Describe the Wrist joint under the following headings: a) Articulations b) Relations c) Movements d) Applied Anatomy

Describe the inguinal canal under the following heading a) Boundaries and contents. b) Anatomical protective mechanisms for prevention of inguinal hernia. c) Anatomical basis of two types of inguinal hernia. d) What are the coverings of inguinal hernia.

Lymphatic drainage of tongue.

Which of the following forms the deep inguinal ring? a) Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle b) Aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle c) Fascia transversalis d) Aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle

Describe the arches of foot under following headings: • Classification • Formation • Factors responsible for maintenance of arches • Functions.

Explain how stab injury to the left side of the neck can cause injury to thoracic duct

Describe the pancreas under following headings: • Situation and parts. • Relations. • Duct system. • Blood supply. • Lymphatic drainage. • Development.

Describe the formation, course, termination, tributaries, perforators and applied anatomy of great saphenous vein

Describe the Second part of Duodenum under the following headings: a) Relations b) Development c) Blood supply d) Applied anatomy

Describe the cavernous sinuses under the following headings: a) Situation and relations b) Structures in the lateral wall and medial walls c) Tributaries and draining channels d) Applied anatomy

The chemical used as a preservative in embalming fluid is: a) Formaldehyde b) Nitric acid c) Glycerin d) Thymol

Blood supply of heart

Numerical aberrations of chromosomes.

Parts, boundaries and features of lateral ventricle

Which viscera is inflamed when there is tenderness at McBurney’s point? Describe the blood supply to this organ

Histology of Liver

Intercostal vessels.

Floor of the IVth ventricle of brain

Describe the features of lateral wall of nasal cavity

Describe various modes of inheritance with examples

Femoral nerve

Extensor retinaculum of lower limb

Which of the following is a multipennate muscle? a) Flexor pollicis longus b) 1st lumbrical of hand c) Acromial fibers of deltoid d) Pectoralis major

Explain the anatomical basis for why extravasated urine does not enter the thigh

Right atrium.

Layers of scalp with clinical implications.

Axillary group of lymph nodes

Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland and its clinical significance.

Radial nerve- root value, course and branches in axilla, arm and cubital fossa. What is Saturday night palsy.

An eighteen-year old girl developed dizziness and had a fall on sudden rotation of neck. Explain the anatomical basis of carotid sinus and carotid body

Pleura and pleural recesses.

Pancreas – parts, relations and blood supply

Lateral ventricle

Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot

Stomach – relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage

Coronary arteries

Parotid gland relations

What is the venous drainage of the upper two thirds of anal canal a) Inferior vena cava b) Superior mesenteric vein c) Inferior mesenteric vein d) Portal vein

Temporomandibular joint

Ligamentum denticulatum

With the help of a neat diagram describe ischiorectal fossa. Give its clinical importance

Gross anatomy of cerebellum with its nuclei.

Radial nerve

Duodenum – parts, relations, openings, blood supply

Guy ropes include all the following muscles except a) Gracilis b) Sartorius c) Semitendinosus d) Semimembranosus

Chromosomal aberrations.

Why posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is called as safety muscle of larynx? Explain the nerve supply of the above muscle.

Internal capsule- parts, fibre constituents, arterial supply and applied anatomy.

A 63 year old male came to surgical OPD with complaints of chronic cough and swelling in the groin for the past 9 months which increases in size during coughing. On performing the ring occlusion test it was found that the swelling did not increase in size a. Name the anatomical structure involved and the clinical condition b. Describe the boundaries of involved anatomical structure c. Explain the anatomical basis for the above clinical condition

Arterial supply of heart.

At the caudal end of the primitive streak, ectoderm and endoderm meet at the: a) Coelom b) Cloacal membrane c) Neural groove d) Notochord

Process of implantation and its clinical aspects.

Portocaval anastomosis -sites, vessels involved and applied importance

Arterial supply of Cerebrum.

What is the embryological basis of congenital polycystic kidney?

Development of Pancreas with anomalies

Describe lymphatic drainage of tongue with clinical correlation

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Interior of right atrium

Pericardium

Describe the Functional areas and Blood supply of Superolateral surface of Cerebral hemisphere

Broncho pulmonary segments of left lung

Which among the following bones violates the law of union of epiphyses? a) Radius b) Ulina c) Tibia d) Fibula

Explain any two embryological reasons for atrial septal defect

Facial nerve

Biceps brachii muscle

Cerebellum.

Internal Thoracic artery.

Formation, course, tributaries and termination of great saphenous vein. Give its applied importance.

Explain the anatomical reason why triceps brachii escapes complete paralysis in injury to the radial nerve in the spiral groove. Mention the root value and termination of Radial nerve

Femoral canal and its applied anatomy.

Arterial supply and venous drainage of cerebral cortex

Classification of chromosomes

Formation of placenta and placental anomalies

Boundaries and contents of ischiorectal fossa

The perisinusoidal space between hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoids is called a) Space of Retzius b) Space of Larry c) Space of Mall d) Space of Disse

Confluence of venous sinuses.

Auditory pathways

Gross anatomy, interior, blood supply and development of second part of duodenum

Describe ischio rectal fossa with clinical significance.

Association fibres of the cerebrum

Trendelenbure's sign denotes the function of a) Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus b) Perforating veins c) Hamstrings d) Adductors of the thigh

Lymphatic drainage of mammary gland and its applied significance.

Explain the anatomical reason of injury to long thoracic nerve results in winging of scapula.

Describe the attachments, nerve supply, action of gluteus Medius and explain Trendelenburg's sign

Chorion

What is Barr Body. What is its significance.

Transection of the lateral spinothalamic tract results in: a) Loss of pain and temperature sensation b) Complete flaccid paralysis c) Spastic paresis d) Cerebellar incoordination

Structure and functions of skin

Formation, branches of Circle of Willis

Substantiate how you differentiate histological features of proliferative and secretory phase of uterus

Development of Portal Vein

A 35 year male complained of weakness on extending elbow and wrist after sleeping overnight with arms resting against the armrest of chair. On examination he had wrist drop a. Describe the origin, branches and distribution of the involved structure in arm b. Give anatomical basis for wrist drop

A 35 year old female presented to OPD with complaints of swelling in front of neck for past 3 months. she also complains of progressive weight gain, fatigue, constipation and cold intolerance, a diagnosis of hypothyroidism was made after the lab investigations. a) Describe the location, external features and coverings of thyroid gland b) Mention the medial and lateral relations of the gland c) Describe the arterial supply of the gland with its relation to the corresponding nerves d) Briefly describe the histology of thyroid gland.

A 14-year-old girl was brought to the hospital with complaints of fever, vomiting and acute pain around umbilicus. On examination, the surgeon found that she was having maximum tenderness at Mc Burney’s point. From the history and examination, he came to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Based on your anatomical knowledge, answer the following questions. a) Why is pain felt around umbilicus b) Where is Mc Burney’s point c) What are the various positions of vermiform appendix d) Briefly describe the blood supply, development and microscopy of vermiform appendix

Flexor retinaculum of hand and its clinical implications.

A male patient was brought to emergency department with head injury following road traffic accident. On examination he was found to have black eye and pulsating exophthalmos on left side. On radiological examination fracture of body of sphenoid was noted. a) What is the anatomical basis of black eye and pulsating exophthalmos in this patient b) Name the dural venous sinus that is likely to be involved in this patient and describe its relations, tributaries and communications c) Classify dural venous sinuses

Describe the Gall bladder under the following- a) Location b) Parts c) Applied anatomy

1^st carpometacarpal joint belongs to which of the following varieties? a) Hinge joint b) Ellipsoidal joint c) Pivot joint d) Saddle joint

Explain why classic hepatic lobule is hexagonal whereas portal lobule is triangular in shape

Describe the various types and structure – function correlation of blood vessels.

Uterus: microscopic anatomy and changes in different phases of uterine cycle.

Muscles of soft palate and their nerve supply

A 60 year old man who is a smoker, alcoholic and known hypertensive suddenly developed pain in the left side of chest radiating along the medial border of left arm. ECG showed myocardial ischaemia.Coronary angiogram was advised for further evaluation. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following: a) Describe the origin, course, branches and distribution of coronary arteries b) Add a note on coronary dominance c) Explain the nerve supply of heart

Autosomal dominant inheritance.

Describe the structure of synovial joints. Classify synovial joints with examples.

Explain the anatomical significance of dural folds. Name the dural folds.

Classify muscular tissue with suitable examples. Describe the structure of skeletal muscle.

Psoas major muscle

Movements and the muscles involved in causing each movement at the wrist joint

A 23year-old pregnant woman who did not go for regular antenatal screening delivered a full-term baby weighing 2kg. Soon after birth the baby was found to be dyspnoeic and vomited continuously after every feed. CT was done for the newborn and it revealed herniation of stomach and intestines into the left side of thoracic cavity. With your knowledge in anatomy, answer the following: a) Name the structure that is defectively developed in this newborn. b) Describe the attachments of this structure. c) Mention the innervation and actions of this structure. d) Mention the openings in this structure and structures passing through them. e) Describe the development of this structure.

Histology of pituitary gland

Which of the following is used as a dehydrating fixative to preserve cadavers and anatomical specimens a) Eosin b) Glycerine c) Thymol crystals d) Water

Broad ligament of uterus

Polar bodies during development of zygote

Describe internal capsule.

Microscopic structure of stomach with neat labelled diagram.

Chromosomes and its classification

Internal trigone of urinary bladder

Foramen of Winslow is bounded from above by which of the following? a) Papillary process of Liver b) Caudate process of Liver c) Fundus of gall bladder d) Bile duct

Classify cartilage with suitable examples. Describe the structure of elastic cartilage.

Describe the development and congenital anomalies of palate

Explain Hilton’s law

Describe embryological basis of nerve supply of tongue.

Describe the origin, course, branches, distribution and applied anatomy of typical intercostal nerve

Floor of the fourth ventricle

Microscopic structure of pituitary gland

An 8-year-old boy gives history of chronic middle ear infection. During his recent episode infection spread to the mastoid antrum and the mastoid air cells.

Explain microscopic structure of compact bone.

Intermuscular spaces in the arm

Parts, lymphatic drainage and development of stomach

Extent and external features of spinal cord.

Differentiate between the autosomal dominant and the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance with examples

Describe the structure and function of skin with its appendages.

Describe the floor of Fourth ventricle of brain

Describe Brachial plexus under the following headings: formation (roots, trunks. divisions, cords), branches and Erb’s point. Add a note on Klumpke’s paralysis.

Describe knee joint under the following headings: Articular surfaces, Capsule and intracapsular structures, Movements and muscles causing each movement

Stages and consequences of fertilisation

Describe shoulder joint under the following headings:- a) Articular surfaces b) Structures stabilizing the joint c) Movements and muscles producing each movement d) Applied importance

Explain the microscopic structure of pituitary gland

Types of epiphysis

All of the following muscles are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve except: a) Styloglossus b) Hyoglossus c) Palatoglossus d) Genioglossus

Classify chromosomes and explain the basis for classification

Interior of larynx

Describe the boundaries, contents and applied anatomy of femoral triangle.

Histology of mixed salivary gland

Classify synovial joints with examples.

Histology of thin skin. Write a note on appendages of skin.

Explain why a lesion in the Brodmann’s area 5 and 7 results in astereognosis.

Development of placenta and its associated anomalies.

Falx Cerebri

Parts, relations and nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland.

Cavity of larynx

Explain the microscopic structure of thin skin

Describe sciatic nerve under following headings: root value, course and relations, branches and clinical anatomy.

Openings in the abdominal diaphragm

Supports of uterus

A 40 year old man, presented to Emergency Department with complaints of severe pain in his right flank. The pain was sharp, stabbing and radiated down to his groin. He also complains of nausea and vomiting as well as urine frequency and urgency. A diagnosis of Renal colic caused by passing of renal stones was made.

Histology of Hypophysis cerebri

External features and blood supply of spinal cord.

Portosystemic anastomosis with clinical significance.

Cephalic vein

Constrictors of pharynx

Prostate is homologous with which of the following? a) Paraurethral glands (Skene) b) Bulbourethral glands c) Greater vestibular glands d) Glands of Littre

Divisions and derivatives of intraembryonic mesoderm.

Describe the Sulci, Gyri, functional areas and blood supply on the superolateral surface of cerebrum

Explain the anatomical reason for naming the Charcot’s artery as artery of cerebral haemorrhage. Brief the origin and area of distribution of the artery.

Midgut – Derivatives, Rotation and Associated anomalies

Describe the course, relations and branches of Arch of aorta

Ciliary ganglion

Inversion and eversion.

Wrist joint

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Nerve supply of tongue correlating with its development

Give the boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa. What is a popliteal aneurysm?

Cavernous sinus of brain

Describe the formation, branches and distribution circle of Willis

Describe the attachments, innervation and actions of muscles of mastication

Lymphatic drainage of breast

Describe the features of the interior of the right atrium. Add a note on its development

Movements at knee joint

Describe parts, relations, connections and clinical anatomy of basal ganglia.

Structures passing deep to extensor retinaculum of hand and its deep relations

Boundaries and contents of sub occipital triangle

Ape thumb deformity is due to injury of which of the following nerves? a) Radial nerve b) Ulnar nerve c) Median nerve d) Axillary nerve

Describe the attachments of muscles supplied by superior gluteal nerve. Explain the anatomical basis of Trendelenburg’s sign

Arches of foot.

Describe the course, branches and applied anatomy of typical intercostal nerve

Lateral wall of the nose.

Nerve supply and action of Gluteus Medius.

Briefly describe bronchopulmonary segment. Name the bronchopulmonary segments in each lung. Write about their surgical importance.

Explain the anatomical basis of ligation of vessels during thyroidectomy. Explain the venous drainage of thyroid gland.

Mendelian inheritance.

Microstructure of pituitary gland.

Ligamentum arteriosum

Foramen Magnum

What are the boundaries and Contents of Posterior Mediastinum

Boundaries and contents of cubital fossa

Describe the boundaries, contents and applied anatomy of ischiorectal fossa.

Coverings and blood supply of spinal cord

Styloid process

Blood supply Superolateral surface of cerebral cortex

Ankle joint

Skin over the 1st interdigital cleft of the dorsum of the foot is supplied by which of the following nerves? a) Saphenous nerve b) Sural nerve c) Superficial peroneal nerve d) Deep peroneal nerve

Supination and pronation.

Explain the microscopic structure of small intestine

A patient had hoarseness of voice after thyroid surgery. Name the nerve involved and why? Explain the relations of thyroid gland.

Boundaries and contents of posterior triangle of neck

Histology of cerebellum

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Microscopy of lymph node.

Structure of compact bone

Anatomical basis of foot drop.

Draw a neat labelled diagram of Transverse Section of Medulla Oblongata at Pyramidal decussation.

Explain the anatomical basis of inguinal hernia

Structures passing through Superior orbital fissure.

A 25-year old married female patient, diagnosed with tuberculosis, came for treatment of blockage of fallopian tube. Describe gross features, ligaments and blood supply of fallopian tube

Formation and structure of umbilical cord.

Nerve supply and actions of Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Define anatomical position and explain the anatomical planes of body

Illustrate and describe the microscopic anatomy of transverse section of compact bone. Add a note on the functions of periosteum.

Explain the subdivisions, innervation and recesses of pleura

Describe the structure of transitional epithelium with site of occurrence and its functional significance.

Arterial anastomosis around elbow joint

Labeled diagram of histology of hyaline cartilage

Palmar metacarpal arteries are branches from a) Deep palmar arch b) Superficial palmar arch c) Dorsal carpal arch d) Palmar carpal arch

A 35y old lady came with history of infertility. She is diagnosed with tuberculosis & is on treatment. Investigations revealed fallopian tubal block. Describe the parts, blood supply & applied anatomy of fallopian tube

Nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland.

Functional areas in supero-lateral surface of cerebrum

Explain the formation and contents of rectus sheath

Lower end of Humerus

Styloid apparatus.

Describe the parts and relations of lateral ventricle. Add a note on its applied aspects

Boundaries and contents of posterior mediastinum.

Trigone [internal] of the urinary bladder

Physiological hernia

Adductor canal boundaries and contents

Structures passing beneath the extensor retinaculum of the foot

Trapezius muscle

Describe the development of kidney and its associated anomalies.

Anterior and posterior relations of right kidney

Which of the following statements are true about Fallot’s Tetralogy 1) Atrial Septal Defect 2) Pulmonary Stenosis 3) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 4) Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 3, 4

Components of the pelvic diaphragm

Nerve supply of Lacrimal Gland

Clinical anatomy of pouch of Douglas.

Clinical and microscopic anatomy of uterine tube.

True ligaments of uterus

Transpyloric plane corresponds with which of the following vertebrae? a) T4 b) T10 c) L1 d) L3

Lateral rotators of hip joint.

Perineal membrane in males

Describe the origin, course branches and distribution of oculomotor nerve. Add a note on its applied aspects.

Explain the development of interatrial septum of heart and its anomalies

Development of Kidney

Supinator muscle

Posterior relations of left kidney

Typical intercostal space.

A 10-year-old girl underwent bilateral tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis. On examination, prior to discharge, the surgeon noted an absence of touch sensation on the posterior ⅓ of the tongue along with an absent gag reflex. Based on your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions: a) Name the nerve damaged during the surgery b) What are the external features on the posterior ⅓ of tongue c) Correlate the development of the tongue to its nerve supply d) Briefly describe the histology of the tonsil

Left lung

Compartments deep to extensor retinaculum of hand.

Name the functional areas of superolateral surface of cerebrum

Contents of Superficial perineal pouch.

Describe the boundaries and contents of inguinal canal with its applied aspects.

Anastomosis around the elbow joint

Classify white matter fibres of cerebrum with suitable examples. Add a note on fibres of internal capsule

List the sources of development of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm. Enumerate the structures passing through its major openings.

Mechanics and types of respiration.

Describe the formation, fate and embryological significance of primitive streak.

Boundaries and contents of femoral triangle

Microscopic structure of retina

Coronary sinus

Name the structural chromosomal abnormalities

What is the function of area no. 6 of the cerebral hemisphere? a) Speech b) Vision c) Writing d) Hearing

A person was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Name the organ involved. Describe the parts, blood supply and applied anatomy of the organ involved

Describe structure of chromosome with classification.

Vas deferens.

Layers of scrotum

Interior of urinary bladder.

Bronchopulmonary segments of Right lung.

Histologic difference between Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles.

Describe the pleural recesses. Add a note on its applied aspects.

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Boundaries and contents of superficial perineal pouch.

Bones forming medial arch of foot

Major opening in thoraco abdominal diaphragm

Right suprarenal gland

Describe the microscopic features of fundus and pyloric part of stomach.

Muscles of soft palate with nerve supply

Which of the following statements are true about inguinal canal 1) The length of inguinal canal is 8 cms. 2) The inguinal canal extends from Anterior Superior Illiac Spine to Pubic Symphysis. 3) The presence of inguinal canal is a cause of weakness in the lower part of anterior abdominal wall. 4) Lacunar ligament is related to floor of inguinal canal a) 3, 4 b) 1, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 1, 2

Lesser omentum

Explain anatomical basis of hematemesis and caput medusa in portal hypertension

Floor of fourth ventricle of brain.

Porta hepatis Short answers

Oblique sinus of the pericardium is bounded in front by which of the following? a) Posterior surface of the right atrium b) Posterior surface of the left atrium c) Fibrous pericardium d) Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Parts and relations of Urinary bladder

Contents of middle ear cavity

In an elderly male, coronary angiography reveals significant occlusion in the right coronary artery. a) Name the surfaces of the heart b) Describe its branches and the area supplied by it

Describe anatomical basis of Horner’s syndrome.

Describe the development of palate

Contents of suboccipital triangle

Deltoid muscle.

Describe the mammary gland under the following headings: extent, deep relations, gross structure, arterial supply and lymphatics.

Deltoid ligament of ankle

Microscopic structure of large artery and correlate with its function.

An elderly man fell on the road with an outstretched right hand while trying to get into the bus. He developed localized pain and swelling on the dorsal aspect of his right wrist. On examination, doctors observed a typical deformity in the right hand. a) What is the diagnosis? b) Which bone is affected? c) Name the deformity in X-ray d) Which nerve is likely to be affected?

Auditory tube

Describe the midgut rotation. Add a note on the embryologic basis of Meckel’s diverticulum

A middle aged man comes with a history of chest pain which is radiating to the arm and neck region. Pain is not relieved by any analgesics. a) Which structure is affected in this condition? b) Name the commonest artery affected. c) Name the branches of the artery affected. d) What investigations will you advise?

Describe the venous drainage of the heart.

Cauda Equina

Rotator cuff of shoulder joint

Describe the gross features and relations of components of extrahepatic biliary apparatus.

With the help of pedigree charts describe the various modes of inheritance involving the sex chromosomes. Give suitable examples for each type.

Blood supply of mammary gland

Features of nasopharynx

Contents of radial groove

Which among the following is a complete sulcus of the brain? a) Collateral sulcus b) Lateral sulcus c) Central sulcus d) Parieto-occipital sulcus

Describe the development of face and explain the embryological basis of oblique facial cleft

Labeled diagram of histology of cerebellum

Describe the internal features, lobes and clinical importance of prostate

Boundaries of Cubital fossa.

Define Karyotype. What are the steps of Karyotyping.

Describe the process of Implantation. Add a note on abnormal sites of implantation.

Broca’s area.

Left coronary dominance

Inguinal (Hasselbach's) triangle boundaries and applied aspect

Para mesonephric duct

Claw hand

Karyotype and clinical features of Klinefelter syndrome

Describe the longitudinal arches of foot and their clinical anatomy.

The following arteries are branches of internal iliac artery 1) Femoral artery 2) Inferior gluteal artery 3) Middle rectal artery 4) Obturator artery a) 1, 3, 4 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 2, 4 d) 1, 2, 3

Diploic veins

Parts of basal ganglia with functional importance

Subdivisions and derivatives of neural tube.

Pivot joint

Lesser splanchnic nerve comes from a) T1-T4 ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain b) T5-T9 ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain c) T10-T11 ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain d) T12 ganglion of the thoracic sympathetic chain

Microscopic structure of thyroid gland

Seetha and Geetha look alike. a) Mention the type of twinning occurred in them. b) What are the different types of twinning? c) Add a note on hazards of twinning.

Features in the floor of fourth ventricle.

Describe the types of structural chromosomal abnormalities

Sartorius muscle

Structures with in parotid gland

Classify white matter of the brain with an example of each. Describe the white matter bundle seen in the median longitudinal cerebral fissure

Pectoralis minor

Embryological basis of twinning.

Name the arteries forming Scapular Anastomosis

Microscopic structure of cerebellum

Explain the boundaries and contents of the adductor canal

Draw a neat labelled diagram of Vas deferens.

Parietal pleura. Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Enumerate the movements of eyeballs and the muscles producing them

Describe the formation of placenta. Add a note on placental barrier.

Epiphyseal plate

Briefly describe the internal features of the anal canal.

Anatomical basis of ischaemic heart disease.

Epiphysis

What is the anatomical basis of umbilical hernia

Extensor retinaculum of hand

Name four structures piercing clavi-pectoral fascia

Medial lemniscal fibers do reach which of the following nuclei of the thalamus? a) Dorsomedial b) Anterior c) Ventral posterolateral d) Ventral posteromedial

Draw a neat labelled diagram of vertical disposition of peritoneum

Anatomical basis of dilated veins of lower limb.

Microscopic structure of cerebrum

Describe the development and microscopy of pancreas

Name the tributaries of internal jugular vein

Facial artery.

Branches of posterior cord of Brachial plexus.

Describe the pericardial sinuses of heart. Mention the nerve supply and blood supply of pericardial sinuses

Neuroglia

Formation and fate of the para mesonephric duct

Explain anatomical basis of facial nerve palsy.

Sural nerve

Branches of subclavian artery

Oogenesis Draw a neat labeled diagram (4)

Microscopic structure of peripheral nerve

Describe the recesses of pleura and their clinical significance.