RGUHS MBBS Physiology September 2025 (5503 CBME)

5503Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences · Physiology · 2025 · September · CBME

Questions (27)

1.Define blood pressure. Enumerate the factors that affect it in humans. Describe the short term regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure. Reasoning questions (Short Answer)
3 Marks
2.1. Explain why capillaries are known as exchange vessels.
3 Marks
3.Explain why peak expiratory flow rate is used for screening in bronchial asthma.
3 Marks
4.2. Explain why immune system does not attack its own tissues.
3 Marks
5.Explain how collateral circulation has a life-saving role in patients of myocardial infarction.
3 Marks
6.Explain why spleen is called as graveyard of RBCs?
5 Marks
7.A 22-year-old male presents to the emergency department with oliguria, facial puffiness, and periorbital edema for 3 days following a recent sore throat 2 weeks ago. On examination, he has mild hypertension and pitting pedal edema. Urinalysis shows hematuria, proteinuria, and RBC casts. His blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine are elevated. Serum complement C3 is reduced. The physician suspects acute glomerulonephritis. a) Explain the basis of edema in this condition b) Explain the factors affecting glomerular filtration rate.
5 Marks
8.A 19-year-old first-year MBBS student participates in a 100-meter sprint during the college sports meet. Immediately after the race, she experiences rapid breathing and a pounding heartbeat. On examination (immediately post-run): Pulse: 132/min, regular, BP: 140/85 mm Hg, Respiratory rate: 28/min, Heart sounds: Normal S1 and S2, no murmurs, after 5 minutes rest: Pulse returns to 78/min and BP to 118/76 mm Hg a) Explain the basis of increase in heart rate and respiratory rate. b) How cardiac output rises during exercise?
5 Marks
9.Describe basic electrical rhythm (BER) and its significance.
5 Marks
10.Explain the tubular transport maximum and its significance using glucose as an example.
5 Marks
11.Describe Functional Residual Capacity and its physiological significance.
5 Marks
12.Describe the features of Acute mountain sickness. How it can be overcome physiologically?
5 Marks
13.Describe the features and pathophysiology of Iron deficiency anemia.
5 Marks
14.Describe the movements of small intestine.
5 Marks
15.Classify anti-coagulants. Describe the role of heparin as an anti-coagulant.
5 Marks
16.Describe active transport mechanisms with examples.
5 Marks
17.Describe the duties of a physician in general, towards patients and to the community that he serves.
5 Marks
18.A 19-year-old male athlete faints during intense training. His resting heart rate is 42 bpm, and blood pressure is 108/70 mmHg. On examination, there is bradycardia, but no structural heart disease is found. The physician suspects increased vagal tone due to athletic conditioning 18 (i) Which structure in the heart primarily determines the resting heart rate in this individual? A. Atrioventricular node B. Bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. Sinoatrial node 18 (ii) Which parasympathetic neurotransmitter is responsible for the observed bradycardia? A. Adrenaline B. Acetylcholine C. Dopamine D. Noradrenaline
19.A 22-year-old woman presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Her blood test shows: Hemoglobin: 8.0 g/dL, MCV: 70 fL (microcytic), Serum ferritin: low. Her physician diagnoses her with iron deficiency anemia and starts her on iron supplements. 19 (i) Which of the following is the primary site of erythropoietin (EPO) production in adults? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Red bone marrow D. Kidney 19 (ii) Which of the following is the earliest committed precursor in the red blood cell lineage? A. Reticulocyte B. Myeloblast C. Proerythroblast D. Megakaryoblast
20.A 65-year-old man suddenly stands up from bed after prolonged bed rest. He immediately feels dizzy and lightheaded. His blood pressure drops to 88/60 mmHg, and his heart rate rises to 110 bpm. The condition improves when he lies back down. 20 (i) Which physiological reflex is primarily responsible for maintaining blood pressure during sudden postural changes? A. Chemoreceptor reflex B. Bainbridge reflex C. Cushing reflex D. Baroreceptor reflex 20 (ii) Which of the following accurately describes the autonomic response in this patient during the hypotensive episode? A. ↑ Parasympathetic tone, ↓ Sympathetic tone B. ↓ Parasympathetic tone, ↓ Sympathetic tone C. ↑ Parasympathetic tone, ↑ Sympathetic tone D. ↓ Parasympathetic tone, ↑ Sympathetic tone
21.A 50-year-old male with long-standing diabetes mellitus presents with swelling in his legs and frothy urine. Urinalysis reveals proteinuria, and his estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is reduced. He is diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy. 21 (i) Which of the following pressures opposes glomerular filtration in the kidney? A. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure B. Bowman’s space hydrostatic pressure C. Afferent arteriolar pressure D. Renal blood flow 21 (ii) Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)? A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Thick ascending limb of Henle C. Distal convoluted tubule D. Collecting duct
22.A 70-year-old woman with long-standing hypertension presents with fatigue and swelling in her legs. Echocardiography reveals left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced stroke volume. Her ejection fraction is borderline low. The physician explains that increased afterload due to systemic hypertension is likely affecting her cardiac output. 22 (i) Which of the following best describes the effect of increased afterload on stroke volume in this patient? A. Stroke volume increases due to increased preload B. Stroke volume increases due to increased contractility C. Stroke volume decreases due to increased resistance D. Stroke volume is unaffected by afterload 22 (ii) Which of the following is a major determinant of afterload in the left ventricle? A. Heart rate B. Venous return C. Aortic pressure D. Myocardial oxygen demand
23.A 65-year-old man with a long history of smoking presents with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough. Pulmonary function tests reveal a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and his chest X-ray shows hyperinflated lungs. He is diagnosed with emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 23 (i) Which of the following lung volumes is typically increased in patients with emphysema? A. Tidal volume B. Inspiratory reserve volume C. Expiratory reserve volume D. Residual volume 23 (ii) What is the primary mechanism for gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane? A. Active transport B. Bulk flow C. Diffusion D. Filtration
24.A 62-year-old man with a history of chronic heart failure presents with shortness of breath and swelling in his lower limbs. On examination, his jugular venous pressure is elevated, and there is bilateral pedal edema. Echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles with reduced ejection fraction. 24(i) Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which increased end-diastolic volume leads to increased stroke volume in a healthy heart? A. Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption B. Increase in afterload C. Frank-Starling mechanism D. Decrease in preload 24 (ii) What is the most important determinant of venous return in the systemic circulation? A. Atrial pressure B. Blood volume C. Total peripheral resistance D. Mean systemic filling pressure
25.A 45-year-old mountain climber ascends to a high altitude (4,500 meters) and experiences headache, dizziness, and breathlessness. Arterial blood gas analysis shows low PaO₂ and mild respiratory alkalosis. His symptoms are attributed to high-altitude hypoxia. 25 (i) Which of the following changes occurs immediately in response to high altitude exposure? A. Increased erythropoietin synthesis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hypoventilation D. Hyperventilation due to peripheral chemoreceptor activation 25 (ii) Which of the following shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? A. Decreased temperature B. Decreased CO₂ C. Increased 2,3-BPG D. Increased pH
26.A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest discomfort and palpitations. An ECG shows absent P waves and an irregularly irregular rhythm. The attending physician diagnoses him with atrial fibrillation. 26 (i) In a normal ECG, what does the P wave represent? A. Ventricular depolarization B. Ventricular repolarization C. Atrial depolarization D. Atrial repolarization 26 (ii) Which of the following structures is responsible for the delay in impulse conduction between the atria and the ventricles? A. SA node B. AV node C. Bundle of His D. Purkinje fibers
27.A 45-year-old woman presents with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and pale stools. Ultrasound reveals gallstones obstructing the common bile duct. Laboratory investigations show elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. She is diagnosed with obstructive jaundice. 27 (i) Which of the following is a primary function of bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract? A. Activation of pepsinogen B. Digestion of carbohydrates C. Emulsification of dietary fats D. Secretion of intrinsic factor 27 (ii) In obstructive jaundice, absorption of which vitamin is most likely impaired? A. Vitamin B12 B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B1

Physiology question papers & analysis

Previous-year question paper.More papers →Report an issue

Questions (27)

More from Physiology

Physiology question papers & analysis