RGUHS MBBS Physiology October 2025 (5504 CBME)

5504Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences · Physiology · 2025 · October · CBME

Questions (27)

1.Describe the pyramidal tracts using neat labelled diagram. Add a note on Babinski’s sign
3 Marks
2.Why the action of excess aldosterone secretion doesn’t persist for long term?
3 Marks
3.Explain why resting membrane potential is electro-negative.
3 Marks
4.1. Explain why diabetes mellitus is a disease of ‘starvation amidst plenty.’
3 Marks
5.Explain how glucocorticoids have a life-saving role in anaphylaxis.
3 Marks
6.Explain why a patient continues to feel pain even in amputated limb.
5 Marks
7.A couple having no children despite 5 years of marriage approaches a doctor who orders some investigation after history is taken along with examination. A diagnosis of primary infertility is made. Enumerate its causes and the investigations required for this case.
5 Marks
8.A 26 years old policeman was brought to emergency department with a gun shot injury in his upper lumbar spine. Patient was conscious and reported that he felt as if his body had been ‘cut into half’. On examination, complete loss of sensory, motor and autonomic functions below the site of the lesion. What is the diagnosis and explain the basis for the changes noticed below the level of lesion?
5 Marks
9.What is Rigor mortis? Explain its basis and medicolegal importance.
5 Marks
10.Explain the theories of referred pain.
5 Marks
11.Describe the structure of sarcomere in skeletal muscle.
5 Marks
12.Describe the visual pathway and the effect of its lesions.
5 Marks
13.Discuss the hormones involved in maintenance of calcium balance.
5 Marks
14.Discuss the role of middle ear in hearing.
5 Marks
15.Describe different phases of menstrual cycle with hormonal changes.
5 Marks
16.Describe the features of Addison’s disease.
5 Marks
17.Discuss the types of doctor-patient relationship.
5 Marks
18.A 30-year-old woman reports difficulty with peripheral vision. On perimetry examination visual field defect was noted. MRI reveals a pituitary tumor compressing the optic chiasma. 18 (i) Which of the following visual field defects is most characteristic of optic chiasma compression? A. Right homonymous hemianopia B. Left homonymous hemianopia C. Bitemporal hemianopia D. Central scotoma 18 (ii) Which fibers of the visual pathway are compressed to produce the above mentioned visual defect? A. Temporal retinal fibers B. Nasal retinal fibers C. Optic nerve fibers D. Optic tract fibers
19.Rajesh, a trained athlete is a sprinter and also participates in marathons regularly. He practices running as a part of training- 19 (i) Trained athletes compared to untrained individuals have A. Large stroke volume and lower heart rate B. Smaller stroke volume and higher heart rate. C. Smaller size of heart. D. Decreased incidence of severity of myocardial infarction. 19 (ii) In athletes, bradycardia is because of – A. Increased sympathetic tone. B. Increased vagal tone C. Decreased cardiac output D. Low venous return
20.A 32-year-old man complains of infertility. Semen analysis shows low sperm count and poor motility- 20 (i) Sperm motility is decreased in A. Alkaline pH B. Neutral pH C. Acidic pH D. Normal saline 20 (ii) In the testis, the cells that secrete testosterone – A. Germinal epithelium B. Leydig cells C. Sertoli cells D. Sperm cells
21.A physiology student is conducting an experiment on sensory perception. She observes that to perceive a difference in weight, a person must add 5 grams to a 50-gram weight, but must add 10 grams to a 100-gram weight. She concludes that the perceived intensity of sensation is not directly proportional to the actual stimulus intensity. 21 (i) Which law explains the relationship between stimulus intensity and perceived sensation described in this experiment? A. Bell-Magendie Law B. All-or-None Law C. Weber-Fechner Law D. Law of Projection 21 (ii) Law of projection deals with A. Frequency discrimination B. Receptive field organization C. perception of the site of sensation D. Two point discrimination.
22.A 22-year-old man accidentally touches a hot pan and immediately withdraws his hand. He feels sharp, localized pain followed by a dull, aching sensation. This sequence of pain perception is due to the type of nerve fibers involved in transmitting nociceptive stimuli. 22 (i) Which type of nerve fibers is responsible for the immediate, sharp pain experienced by the patient? A. A-alpha fibers B. A-delta fibers C. B fibers D. C fibers 22 (ii) Nociceptive stimuli are transmitted by- A. Naked nerve endings B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Merkel’s disc D. Ruffini end organ
23.A new mother is breastfeeding her infant. The baby’s suckling stimulates a neuroendocrine reflex that causes milk ejection. This reflex involves coordinated activity between the nervous system and endocrine glands. 23 (i) Which hormone is primarily responsible for causing milk ejection (let-down) during breastfeeding? A. Prolactin B. Oxytocin C. Estrogen D. Progesterone 23 (ii) Which part of the nervous system mediates the sensory input from nipple stimulation to trigger milk ejection? A. Parasympathetic nervous system B. Somatic nervous system C. Sympathetic nervous system D. Hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system
24.An elderly woman complains of decreased exercise tolerance and easy fatigability. Clinical examination reveals reduced cardiac output and stiffening of blood vessels. These changes are commonly seen as part of the normal aging process 24 (i) Which of the following cardiovascular changes is typically observed with aging? A. Increased maximum heart rate B. Decreased compliance of blood vessels C. Increased stroke volume D. Enhanced baroreceptor sensitivity 24 (ii) Which of the following is a typical respiratory system change seen in aging? A. Increased lung elasticity B. Increased vital capacity C. Decreased chest wall compliance D. Increased alveolar surface area
25.A 30-year-old woman presents with symptoms of weight loss, heat intolerance, and palpitations. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of T3 and T4 with suppressed TSH. This clinical picture suggests hyperthyroidism 25 (i) Which hormone is directly responsible for increasing basal metabolic rate in target tissues? A. Thyroxine (T4) B. Calcitonin C. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) D. Parathyroid hormone 25 (ii) Which of the following is the main regulatory hormone controlling thyroid hormone secretion? A. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) C. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
26.A 28-year-old woman presents with regular menstrual cycles and no signs of pregnancy. She is in the mid-cycle phase of her menstrual cycle. Hormonal assays show a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH). 26 (i) What is the primary physiological event triggered by the mid-cycle LH surge? A. Menstruation B. Ovulation C. Follicle formation D. Endometrial shedding 26 (ii) Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after ovulation? A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) D. Progesterone
27.A patient suffers a complete transection of the spinal cord at the mid-thoracic level following a traumatic injury. Immediately after injury, the patient exhibits flaccid paralysis and loss of all reflexes below the level of the lesion. 27 (i) After spinal cord transaction, reflex movement that appears quite early is- A. Flexor reflex B. Mass reflex C. Deep reflexes D. Coitus reflex 27 (ii) As the stage of spinal shock passes off, functional activity first appears in- A. Tone of blood vessels B. Sphincter vesicae C. Detrusor muscle of urinary bladder D. Muscle tone

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