Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryBiochemistry Previous Year Question Papers

Which of the following enzymes are involved in Biotransformation? a) Transaminases b) Cytochrome P450 enzymes c) Dehydrogenases d) Decarboxylases

The carbohydrate of the blood group substances is a) Sucrose b) Fucose c) Arabinose d) Maltose

Which of the following nonproteins can act as an enzyme. a) DNA b) RNA c) Phospholipid d) Glycolipid

A hormone secreted from anterior pituitary is a) Growth hormone b) Vasopressin c) Oxytocin d) Epinephrine

All of the following porphyrias are inherited as autosomal dominant, except a) Porphyria cutana tarda b) Congenital erythropoietic porphyria c) Protoporphyria d) Acute intermittent porphyria

Suicidal enzyme is a) Lipoxygenase b) Cyclooxygenase c) Thromboxane synthase d) 5- Nucleosidase

Which one of the following enzymes is not a protein, but an RNA molecule a) Amylase b) RNA polymerase c) Urokinase d) Reverse transcriptase

Fluoride inhibits_____and arrests glycolysis. a) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase b) Aconitase c) Enolose d) Succinate DH

Thermogenin is found in a) Thyroid Gland b) Thymus Gland c) Brown Adipose Tissue d) Adrenal Gland

Molecules involved in immune response are a) MHC molecules b) Cytokines c) Chemokines d) All the above

The substance that facilitates the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin to the tissues a) H+ ion b) CI-- ions c) 2,3 —Bisphospho glycerate d) Glucose

Cystic fibrosis results from defective ion channels for a) NA+ b) K+ c) Cl- d) H+

An amino acid not found in proteins is a) Homocysteine b) Proline c) Lysine d) Histidine

All the following statements about carnitine are true except a) It can be synthesized in the human body b) It can be synthesized from methionine and lysine c) It is required for transport of short chain fatty acids into mitochondria d) Its deficiency can occur due to haemodialysis

Anticoagulants used in biochemical tests are a) Heparin b) EDTA c) Potassium or Sodium oxalate d) All of the above

Antioxidant enzymes are a) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) b) Catalase c) Glutathione peroxidase d) All the above

Endocrine gland that is associated with the regulation of BMR a) Pituitary b) Thyroid c) Adrenal d) Endocrine part of pancreas

Sphingomyelinase deficiency seen in a) Niemann-Pick disease b) Gaucher’s disease c) Tay-Sach’s disease d) Guillain Barre syndrome

Following are the beneficial effect of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), except a) Bactericidal effect b) Reduces blood pressure c) radiotherapy d) Mutations

Lieberman-Burchard reaction is performed to detect a) Cholesterol b) Glycerol c) Fatty acid d) Vitamin D

Insulin /Glucagon ratio is high in the a) Well-fed state b) Overnight fast c) Early fasting state d) All the above

Biotransformation takes place in a) Intestines b) Lungs c) Skin d) Liver

Which one of the following is a cancer suppressor gene a) sis b) ras c) erb-B d) p53

The SDA (Specific Dynamic Action) is the highest for the following nutrient a) Proteins b) Fats c) Vitamins d) Carbohydrates

The most abundant protein in mammals is a) Albumin b) Globulins c) Collagen d) Elastin

The active form of vitamin D is a) 1, 25 —DHCC b) 1,24 — DHCC c) 24,25 — DHCC d) 25- HCC

In the well fed state, all the following pathways are active in the liver, except a) Glycolysis b) Glucose uptake by hepatocytes c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis

Serum acid phosphatase level increases in a) Carcinoma of Prostate b) Carcinoma of Lung c) Carcinoma of Liver d) Carcinoma of Oesophagus

The factories of protein biosynthesis is a) Nucleus b) Ribosomes c) Mitochondrion d) Cell sap

Renal rickets is caused by a) Decreased formation of Cholecalciferol b) Increased synthesis of 25- HCC c) Decreased synthesis of calcitriol d) None of the above

Which of the following is not a biologically important peptide. a) Glutathione b) Angiotensin c) Vasopressin d) leukotriene

Kwashiorkor occurs when the diet is severely deficient in a) Iron b) Calories c) Proteins d) Essential fatty acids

Earliest Marker of myocardial Infarction is a) Ck1 b) Ck2 c) Ck3 d) Ck4

The predominant buffer system of plasma is the a) Albumin buffer b) Bicarbonate buffer c) Haemoglobin buffer d) Phosphate buffer

Regan isoenzyme is increased in a) Lung cancer b) Osteoporosis c) Paget's disease d) Myocardial infarction

Daily requirement of Iodine for an adult is a) 15-20μg b) 150-200μg c) 800-900μg d) 600-700μg

Which one of the following enzyme acts as biomarker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer a) Amylase b) AST c) Acid phosphatase d) Alkaline phosphatase

Keshan disease occurs due to the deficiency of a) Selenium b) Chromium c) Cobalt d) Manganese

Antidote kits for cyanide poisoning contain a) Amyl nitrate b) Sodium nitrite c) BAL d) Both A and B

The Peptide that protects RBC membrane is a) Oxytocin b) Glutathione c) Vasopressin d) Angiotensin

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is a) Sodium b) Potassium c) Calcium d) Magnesium

A 50-year-old obese male came to causality with complaints of severe chest pain and breathlessness. He is a known diabetic since 6 years on irregular treatment. His ECG revealed an ST segment elevation. His lipid profile showed the following. T. cholesterol- 320 mg%, LDL cholesterol- 180 mg%, HDL cholesterol- 24 mg%, Triglycerides- 250 mg% a) What is the probable diagnosis. b) Explain in detail the steps involved in synthesis of cholesterol in our body. c) Causes for hypercholesterolemia. d) Role of statins to reduce the cholesterol.

A 16-year old boy who was given blood transfusion recently had presented with chills and rigors of 2 days duration. Laboratory investigations revealed the following findings: Serum total bilirubin: 4.8 mg/dL, Serum conjugated bilirubin : 0.2 mg/dL, Urine Bilirubin: Negative, Van den Bergh reaction is indirect positive. a) What is the probable diagnosis? b) How do you relate the history and laboratory findings to confirm your diagnosis? (Use flow chart to explain if required) c) Describe normal bilirubin metabolism. d) Name the test performed to identify presence of bile pigments in the urine.

A 60-year-old male presented with acute chest pain of ½ hour duration. His past history reveals as a known diabetic; known hypertensive, known smoker and known alcoholic. The biochemical analysis are as follows: Blood glucose = 380 mg%, Serum cholesterol = 300 mg% AST = 60 U/L, ALT= 15 U/L, CPK & LDH were elevated. a) Give your provisional diagnosis and meaning of it. b) Explain in detail about cardiac markers with graph patterns. c) What are the other markers which can be estimated in this case. d) Write the normal values of all of the above lab tests.

A 6-year-old was brought to OPD with a history of slow growth and pain in bones. On examination revealed bow leg deformities; frontal bossing; pigeon chest deformities. Laboratory investigations shows:- Serum Calcium = 7.9mg%, Serum Phosphorus = 2.4mg%, Serum alkaline phosphatase = 690U/L. a) What is the likely diagnosis? b) Write in detail about dietary sources, daily requirement, biochemical functions, regulation of blood calcium homoeostasis and diseased conditions of the deficient mineral element. c) Write the normal levels of the above lab tests in serum.

Discuss the metabolism of Glycine. Give an account on biological important compounds synthesised from Glycine. Add a note on primary Hyperoxaluria.

A 6-month-old infant began to vomit occasionally and ceased to gain weight at 9 months of the age. He was readmitted to the hospital. After one week he became drowsy had fever, pulse was elevated and there was hepatomegaly. EEG was done and was grossly abnormal. Blood ammonia was elevated and urine contained high amount of glutamine and uracil a) What is probable diagnosis? b) What is pathogenic mechanism involved? c) Describe how ammonia of aminoacid is metabolised? d) What is the normal plasma concentration of ammonia?

a) What is Gluconeogenesis. b) Under what conditions is the process of gluconeogenesis activated in the body. c) What are the substances for gluconeogenesis. d) Mention the key enzymes and how is alanine converted to glucose. e) Justify the statement: Gluconeogenesis is not a simple reversal of glycolysis.

Explain the structure of DNA under the following headings: a) Using a neat a labelled diagram explain the structural organization of DNA. b) Name the histone proteins. c) Compare and contrast the differences between DNA and RNA. d) Name the different forms of DNA.

12.Write in detail on the metabolism of Iron- the essential trace element in the following headings a) What are the other essential trace elements, name them? b) Describe the dietary source, daily requirement, factors affecting ‘Fe’ absorption, transport, storage, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of the mineral. c) Specially explain the mucosal block theory of Iron absorption to support the statement – Iron is a one-way element.

a) Classify the Enzymes? Giving one example for each. b) What are factors influencing enzyme activity? c) What are the different types of enzyme inhibition. Explain with suitable examples. d) Clinical importance of inhibition.

A 45-year-old obese lady presented to the causality with complaints of acute right upper abdominal pain, mild fever, loss of appetite and generalized itching. On further questioning, she gave history of frothy, clay coloured stool and high coloured urine. a) What is the probable diagnosis? b) Mention the laboratory tests you advise to confirm the diagnosis? c) Describe the normal bilirubin metabolism. d) How do you relate the high coloured urine, itching and clay-coloured stools with altered metabolic pathway of bilirubin in this condition.

What are the types of DNA repair and name the diseases caused by various mutations.

What are the differences between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Give two examples for competitive inhibition.

Name the different levels of the structural organization or proteins. Discuss the secondary structure of proteins and add a note on the bonds responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure.

Write about the structural and functional organization of electron transport chain. Add a note on inhibitors of it.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its clinical application. What is RTPCR?

Describe the Oncogenes and their role in Cancer with examples.

Structural organization levels of Proteins.

How the Physician becomes a part of Health Care System.

Write the compounds derived from glycine and their importance

Write about Ketone body’s synthesis and discuss the importance.

What are the sources of Dietary fibre? Discuss the importance of it in Nutrition.

Mention the different types of tumour markers. Describe the significance of any three tumour markers.

Write in detail on the Protein-Energy malnutrition disorders.

Explain how learning influence the Physician Growth.

Describe the role of a physician in health care system

Schematic representation of Electron transport chain. Add a note on Uncouplers.

Recombinant DNA technology and its applications.

Salvage pathway of Purine synthesis and add a note on Lesch Nyhan syndrome.

Describe the principle and applications of electrophoresis.

What are tumor markers? Discuss the clinical utility of any three tumor markers.

Discuss in detail on the regulation of blood glucose level (Homeostasis of blood glucose level) and define hypoglycaemia. Write in detail on various causes of Hypoglycaemia.

Describe how physician is important in health care system?

What are your perspectives on lifelong learning by Physician?

Describe the sources, daily requirements and functions of Vitamin D.

Describe in detail the glomerular function tests. Add a note on the formulae available for calculating estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR).

Define phospholipids. State their function and importance.

Define BMR. What are the factors regulating BMR.

Discuss the structure of normal Haemoglobin. Add a note on haemoglobin derivatives.

Define detoxification. Write in detail on the phases of detoxification and mention examples clinically related where ever necessary.

Describe transport mechanisms across the cell membrane.

Describe the structure of normal haemoglobin molecule. Add a note on Thalassemia.

Write in detail on the biochemical function, RDA, and deficiency manifestations of Vitamin A.

Describe in detail on the metabolism of Galactose and add a note on disorders of it correlating clinically.

What is Transamination and its significance? List two Transaminases.

Degradation of Haemoglobin.

Discuss in detail on the inhibitors of ETC and oxidative phosphorylation and a note on inherited disorders of oxidative phosphorylation.

Explain with diagram the structure of IgG molecule and indicate its binding sites and function of IgG.

Discuss in detail on the transport mechanisms/process across the cell membranes.

Outline the Denovo synthesis of fatty acid. What are the advantages of having a multifunctional enzyme complex?

Structure and functions of t-RNA.

Explain the commitment to lifelong learning is related to physician growth.

Essential fatty acids.

Name the plasma proteins. Write the functions of serum albumin.

What is the principle, procedure and clinical application of radio immunoassay.

Glycated Haemoglobin & its clinical interpretation.

DNA polymerase.

Synthetic Nucleotides.

What is an allosteric enzyme. And give one example of reaction catalysed by an allosteric enzyme.

Operon Concept.

Mention biological active form of folic acid. How is it involved in one carbon metabolism?

Fluid mosaic model of membrane.

Alkaptonuria.

Autoimmunity.

Explain the concept: “HMP pathway is significant in preservation of erythrocyte membrane integrity”.

Name the thyroid function tests. Write the reference range for T4 and TSH.

Polysaccharides.

Benedict’s test.

What is the normal anion gap? State its importance.

Hartnup`s disease.

Lipotropic factors.

Post translational modifications.

Vitamin K cycle – biochemical function of vitamin K.

Hetero polysaccharides.

Phase II detoxification.

Calculate the anion gap using the following data: serum Sodium: 145 mmol/L, Serum potassium; 4.0mmol/L, Serum bicarbonate – 24mmol/L, serum chloride: 104 mmol/L.

Mention the sources and functions of Iron.

Phase I detoxification reactions.

Glycogen storage disorders.

Write on the classification and characteristics of Hyper and Hypolipoproteinaemia’s.

Point mutation.

Genetic code.

Mention the dietary importance of Proteins.

Alkali reserve.

Biochemical function of selenium.

Wernicke – Korsakoff syndrome.

Porphyria Cutanea tarda.

Explain Chloride shift.